Effects and mechanisms of auricular vagus nerve stimulation on high-fat-diet—induced obese rats

Han, Liang; Zhang, Jianbin; Xu, Chen; Tang, Qingqing; Shen, Weixing; Zhou, Jingzhu; Chen, Jiande; Wang, Yinping

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.05.007

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Chronic VNS has been accompanied by weight loss, 12 and increased metabolism in BAT may contribute to such weight loss 13 . However, other studies have failed to observe weight loss with chronic VNS 14 and mean uptake of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (an index of activation) in human BAT was not increased by VNS 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Vagal afferent activation decreases brown adipose tissue (BAT) sympathetic nerve activity and BAT thermogenesis

2016

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In urethane/α-chloralose anesthetized rats, electrical stimulation of cervical vagal afferent fibers inhibited the increases in brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis evoked by cold exposure, by nanoinjection of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, and by nanoinjection of N-methyl-D-aspartate in the rostral raphe pallidus. Vagus nerve stimulation-evoked inhibition of brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity was prevented by blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the termination site of vagal afferents in the nucleus of the solitary tract, and by nanoinjection of GABAA receptor antagonists in the rostral raphe pallidus. In conclusion, the brown adipose tissue sympathoinhibitory effect of cervical afferent vagal nerve stimulation is mediated by glutamatergic activation of second-order sensory neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract and by a GABAergic inhibition of brown adipose tissue sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus, but does not require GABAergic inhibition of the brown adipose tissue sympathoexcitatory neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Vagal afferent activation decreases brown adipose tissue (BAT) sympathetic nerve activity and BAT thermogenesis

2016

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“…According to all these algorithms, our results show that the three most stable genes were Hprt1, Tbp, and Rpl32 for IBAT and Tbp, B2m, and Hprt1 for RWAT, while the least stable genes were 18S, Actb, and Gapdh for both tissues. The Actb and Gapdh genes are widely used in the literature as normalizers for the evaluation of target gene expression in WAT and BAT (Aguirre et al, 2016;Antony et al, 2017;Calderon-Dominguez et al, 2016;Chang and Kim, 2017;Li et al, 2015;Rodrigues et al, 2017;Tsubai et al, 2016;Yan et al, 2017), however, a few authors argue about the stability of the reference genes. A systematic review showed that the vast majority of the studies use a single gene as a normalizer, with Actb and/or Gapdh being commonly selected to evaluate the gene expression in vertebrates (Chapman and Waldenstrom, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis in Innervated and Denervated Adipose Tissue from Cafeteria Diet‐Fed Rats

Marques-Oliveira

Silva

Valadares

et al. 2019

Lipids

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Our previous studies show that cafeteria diet increases body adiposity, plasma insulin levels, and sympathetic activity to brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) of Wistar rats, leading to rapid and progressive changes in the metabolic profile. The identification of suitable reference genes that are not affected by the experimental conditions is a critical step in accurate normalization of the reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), a commonly used assay to elucidate changes in the gene expression profile. In the present study, the effects of the cafeteria diet and sympathetic innervation on the gene expression of adrenoceptor beta 3 (Adrb3) from BAT and WAT were assessed using one of the most stable and one of the least stable genes as normalizers. Rats were fed the cafeteria diet and on the 17th day, interscapular BAT or retroperitoneal WAT was denervated and, 7 days after surgery, the contralateral innervated tissue was used as control. Ten reference genes were evaluated (18S, B2m, Actb, CypA, Gapdh, Hprt1, Rpl32, Tbp, Ubc, and Ywhaz) and ranked according to their stability using the following algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and comparative delta threshold cycle (ΔC t) method. According to the algorithms employed, the normalization of Adrb3 expression by the least stable genes produced opposite results compared with the most stable genes and literature data. In cafeteria and control diet‐fed rats, the three most stable genes were Hprt1, Tbp, and Rpl32 for interscapular BAT and Tbp, B2m, and Hprt1 for retroperitoneal WAT, while the least stable genes were 18S, Actb, and Gapdh for both tissues.

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“…Importantly, vagal blockade resulted in voluntary reduction in food intake by increasing within meal satiation, and between-meal hunger in obese subjects [47 • ]. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve in animal models also blunts food intake and weight gain [1], and weight loss appears to occur even when stimulating the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) [48]. These data provide further support for the importance of the vagus nerve in long-term control of body weight and food intake.…”

Section: Vans In Long-term Control Of Food Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, there are question marks over the role of VAN PPAR-γ in diet-induced obesity, since chronic ingestion of high-fat diet blunts PPAR-γ expression in VANs, which according to PPAR-γ knockout data should confer resistance to diet-induced obesity [15]. Electrical stimulation of the ABVN for 6 weeks reduced body weight in rats fed a high-fat diet compared to positive controls [48]. Energy expenditure was not directly measured, but the lack of reduction in food intake, increased BAT weight, and elevated UCP1 and adrenergic receptor β3 expression in BAT suggests that ABVN stimulation is involved in thermogenesis.…”

Section: Novel Roles Of the Vagus Nerve In Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, there was no change in food intake after ABVN stimulation compared to obese controls, suggesting ABVN stimulation-induced weight loss is controlled by energy expenditure. However, obese rats did not overconsume compared to chow-fed negative controls [48], which makes absence of hypophagia in ABVN stimulated rats difficult to interpret. While conclusive evidence for a direct role of VANs in thermogenesis remains elusive, there are indications that this pathway may be a novel mechanistic target to confer resistance to diet-induced obesity.…”

Section: Novel Roles Of the Vagus Nerve In Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel developments in vagal afferent nutrient sensing and its role in energy homeostasis

Lartigue

Diepenbroek

2016

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

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Vagal afferent neurons (VANs) play an important role in the control of food intake by signaling nutrient type and quantity to the brain. Recent findings are broadening our view of how VANs impact not only food intake but also energy homeostasis. This review focuses exclusively on studies of the vagus nerve from the past 2 years that highlight major new advancements in the field. We firstly discuss evidence that VANs can directly sense nutrients, and we consider new insights into mechanisms affecting sensing of gastric distension and signaling by gastrointestinal hormones ghrelin and GLP1. We discuss evidence that disrupting vagal afferent signaling increases long-term control of food intake and body weight management, and the importance of this gut–brain pathway in mediating beneficial effects of bariatric surgery. We conclude by highlighting novel roles for vagal afferent neurons in circadian rhythm, thermogenesis, and reward that may provide insight into mechanisms by which VAN nutrient sensing controls long-term control of energy homeostasis.

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Effects and mechanisms of auricular vagus nerve stimulation on high-fat-diet—induced obese rats

Cited by 43 publications

References 40 publications

Vagal afferent activation decreases brown adipose tissue (BAT) sympathetic nerve activity and BAT thermogenesis

Vagal afferent activation decreases brown adipose tissue (BAT) sympathetic nerve activity and BAT thermogenesis

Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis in Innervated and Denervated Adipose Tissue from Cafeteria Diet‐Fed Rats

Novel developments in vagal afferent nutrient sensing and its role in energy homeostasis

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