Effects in rats of adolescent exposure to cannabis smoke or THC on emotional behavior and cognitive function in adulthood

Bruijnzeel, Adrie W.; Knight, Parker; Panunzio, Stefany; Xue, Song; Bruner, Matthew M.; Wall, Shannon C; Pompilus, Marjory; Febo, Marcelo; Setlow, Barry

doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05255-7

Cited by 61 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with other experiments that used higher doses of THC [ 73 , 74 ], and a period of abstinence after adolescent exposure [ 75 ] did not indicate robust alternations in adult behavior. This suggests that adverse effects associated with adolescent THC use might be due to the non-cannabinoid concomitants of cannabis use.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Deleterious Effects of Ethanol, Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and Their Combination on the Spatial Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats in the Barnes Maze Task

2020

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Research demonstrates that adolescents differ from adults in their response to drugs of abuse. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of ethanol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol hydrochloride (THC), and a combination of these drugs given during adolescence on spatial memory in adolescent and adult rats. Thus, adolescent rats (postnatal day (PND) 30) were subjected to the following groups: 0.9% NaCl; 1.5 g/kg ethanol; 1.0 mg/kg THC; 1.5 g/kg ethanol + 1.0 mg/kg THC. Rats received drug injection four times at three-day intervals. One day after the last injection, half of the treated animals were tested in the Barnes maze task, whereas the remaining animals were tested on PND 70. Results show that there was a significant age effect on spatial memory in the Barnes maze task after these drug administrations. Adolescent animals demonstrated more potent deficits in the spatial learning and memory (probe trial) and in cognitive flexibility (reversal learning) than did adults. However, in adult rats that received these drugs in adolescence, memory decline was observed only after ethanol and ethanol + THC administration. Thus, our results are important in understanding the deleterious impact of THC and/or ethanol abuse during adolescence on memory function across the lifespan (adolescent versus adult).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Deleterious Effects of Ethanol, Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and Their Combination on the Spatial Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats in the Barnes Maze Task

2020

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“…Some of this impaired neural connectivity has been found to occur in the hippocampus, potentially explaining an association between adolescent cannabis use and decreased IQ [41]. Some preclinical research has suggested, however, that detrimental developmental effects from cannabis smoking may instead be related to non-cannabinoid contaminants [46].…”

Section: Investigational Uses Supported By High-quality Clinical Evidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical uses of cannabis and cannabinoids in the United States

Levinsohn

Hill

2020

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…70 THC exposure or pharmacological disruption of the endocannabinoid tone during early adolescence also provokes decreased sociability in both sexes, occasionally without evident anxiety alterations, 71,72 that may not persist in the adult age. 71,73 However, the existence of significant modifications during a critical age for brain development demands caution with cannabinoid intake. Indeed, fMRI studies in humans have described long-lasting consequences of THC exposure, including increased gray-matter volume of brain temporal areas and amygdala hypersensitivity, associated with the development of anxious symptomatology.…”

Section: The Endocannabinoid System In Fear Anxiety and Stress -Malmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocannabinoid system in modulating fear, anxiety, and stress

Maldonado

Martín‐García

2020

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

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The endocannabinoid system is widely expressed in the limbic system, prefrontal cortical areas, and brain structures regulating neuroendocrine stress responses, which explains the key role of this system in the control of emotions. In this review, we update recent advances on the function of the endocannabinoid system in determining the value of fear-evoking stimuli and promoting appropriate behavioral responses for stress resilience. We also review the alterations in the activity of the endocannabinoid system during fear, stress, and anxiety, and the pathophysiological role of each component of this system in the control of these protective emotional responses that also trigger pathological emotional disorders. In spite of all the evidence, we have not yet taken advantage of the therapeutic implications of this important role of the endocannabinoid system, and possible future strategies to improve the treatment of these emotional disorders are discussed.

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Effects in rats of adolescent exposure to cannabis smoke or THC on emotional behavior and cognitive function in adulthood

Cited by 61 publications

References 74 publications

Deleterious Effects of Ethanol, Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and Their Combination on the Spatial Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats in the Barnes Maze Task

Deleterious Effects of Ethanol, Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and Their Combination on the Spatial Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats in the Barnes Maze Task

Clinical uses of cannabis and cannabinoids in the United States

The endocannabinoid system in modulating fear, anxiety, and stress

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