Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3, 25OHD3, and EB1089 on cell growth and Vitamin D receptor mRNA and 1α-hydroxylase mRNA expression in primary cultures of the canine prostate

Vitamin D metabolism in dogs and cats and its relation to diseases not associated with bone metabolism

“…In addition, an increased relative risk (RR) for cancer was observed as serum 25(OH)D levels decreased; therefore, the RR of cancer for 25(OH)D below 40 ng/ml of all-cancer group and of HAS group were 3.9 and 4.1, respectively, compared with that of the control group. In contrast,Willcox, Hammett-Stabler, and Hauck (2016) found no difference in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D in 20 dogs affected by osteosarcoma, compared with a control group matched for age and body weight.Studies have demonstrated in vitro antineoplastic effects of calcitriol for various types of canine tumours, including osteosarcoma(Barroga, Kadosawa, Okumura, & Fujinaga, 1999), squamous cell carcinoma(Kunakornsawat et al, 2001), prostatic epithelial tumour(Kunakornsawat et al, 2004), anal sac adenocarcinoma(Kunakornsawat et al, 2002), mammary gland cancer(Rassnick et al, 2008) and mastocytoma(Malone et al, 2010). These findings reinforce the hypothesis that low concentrations of vitamin D may increase the risk of developing cancer.…”

“…Wakshlag et al (2011) evaluated the relationship between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and mastocytoma in Labrador Retrievers.In total, 33 animals affected by this disease were evaluated and compared with a control group that was composed of 54 healthy animals, and lower serum concentrations 25(OH)D were observed in dogs with mastocytoma.In another study conducted bySelting et al (2016), the 25(OH) D serum concentrations from a group of healthy dogs (control group; n = 282) were compared to 25(OH)D serum concentrations from a group of dogs with splenic malignancies (all-cancer group; n = 40) and with another group of dogs with benign neoplasms (benign group; n = 22). In contrast,Willcox, Hammett-Stabler, and Hauck (2016) found no difference in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D in 20 dogs affected by osteosarcoma, compared with a control group matched for age and body weight.Studies have demonstrated in vitro antineoplastic effects of calcitriol for various types of canine tumours, including osteosarcoma(Barroga, Kadosawa, Okumura, & Fujinaga, 1999), squamous cell carcinoma(Kunakornsawat et al, 2001), prostatic epithelial tumour(Kunakornsawat et al, 2004), anal sac adenocarcinoma(Kunakornsawat et al, 2002), mammary gland cancer(Rassnick et al, 2008) and mastocytoma(Malone et al, 2010). The control group presented higher 25(OH)D serum concentrations when compared to all other groups.…”

Hypovitaminosis D in Dogs with Spirocercosis

“…Inflammatory mediators that are produced can induce DNA damage in tumor suppressor genes, leading to post‐translational modifications of proteins involved in cellular apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell cycle checkpoints . There is an association between neoplasia development, chronic inflammation, 27 and vitamin D demonstrated in in vitro human and animal studies, and in human epidemiologic investigations . Chronic inflammation leads to lipid peroxidation and potentially to genetic mutations .…”

“…The antineoplastic treatment properties of calcitriol that leads to tumor regression have been shown in in vitro and in vivo neoplasias in dogs (transitional cell carcinomas, mast cell tumors, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, and carcinomas) and in humans . Treatment of neoplastic cells with 1,25(OH) 2 D may inhibit cell tube formation and tumor growth by repressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL‐8 .…”

“…There are many studies linking hypovitaminosis D to a higher neoplastic risk in humans and some studies in dogs . There is an antineoplastic effect of vitamin D in dogs . Therefore, vitamin D might potentially play a role in spirocerca‐induced neoplastic transformation.…”