Effects of 10 Weeks Exercise Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Prepubescent Boys and Adult Men

Petratis, M. Marlene; Sady, Stanley P.; Savage, Mark; Thomson, W. H.

doi:10.1249/00005768-198315020-00087

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“…Some of these studies (Bar-Or and Zwiren 1973;Schmuecker and Hollmann 1973;Kobayashi et al 1978;Yoshida et al 1980;Mirwald et al 1981) did not reveal any traininginduced improvement before the onset of puberty, although others (Brown et al 1972;Weber et al 1976;Lussier and Buskirk 1977;Vaccaro and Clarke 1978;Gerhardus 1980;Petratis et al 1983;Rotstein et al 1986;Mahon and Vaccaro 1994) revealed absolutely the opposite. Similarly, Ekblom (1969), Eriksson (1972), Massicotte and MacNab (1974), Kobayashi et al (1978), Mirwald et al (1981) and Mahon and Vaccaro (1989) observed a positive effect of training during pu-great increase in V _ O 2max observed during pubertal growth, which follows the stage of peak height velocity (Kobayashi et al 1978;Kemper and Verschuur 1981;Mirwald et al 1981;Krahenbuhl et al 1985;Paterson et al 1986), which is complicated by the deviation between the subjects' chronological and biological age.…”

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confidence: 98%

The effect of training in male prepubertal and pubertal monozygotic twins

2003

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Nine male pairs of monozygotic twins aged 11-14 years, height 147 (7.6) cm and body mass 39.7 (9.6) kg, participated in this study. Twin zygocity was tested using morphological, dermatoglyphic and hematologic methods, and Tanner's five stages were used for the evaluation of biological maturation. One twin from each pair undertook training for 6 months, three times a week, with running at 85-120% of the lactate anaerobic threshold (LT). Anthropometrics, determination of maximum O(2) uptake (.VO(2max)), LT and maximal blood lactate concentration ([La](max)) was carried out before, during and after training. No significant difference existed between the trained twins and their untrained brothers before training. After training, the trained twins increased their .VO(2max), (per kg body mass) by 10.6% and their LT by 18.2% (P<0.01), reaching values that differed significantly from those of their untrained brothers [57.5 (3.6) ml.kg(-1).min(-1) vs 55.4 (3.3) ml.kg(-1).min(-1) and 13.4 (1.1) km.h(-1) vs 12.7 (1.1) km.h(-1), respectively]. In addition, in the trained twins relative body fat was reduced (P<0.05) from 17.8 to 16.2% and their somatotype altered significantly (decrease of endomorphy and mesomorphy and increase of ectomorphy), while in the untrained twins there was no change in these parameters. Both groups of twins significantly increased their absolute .VO(2max) after the 6 months of training, the trained by 14,9% [from 2.08 (0.43) to 2.37 (0.45) l.min(-1)] and the untrained by 10.5% [from 2.10 (0.41) to 2.32 (0.47) l.min(-1)], but no difference was registered between them. A comparison of the intrapair changes in .VO(2max) of prepubertal and pubertal twins showed an influence of training in the prepubertal (19.3% vs 5.2%) but not in the pubertal twins (12.7% vs 13.1%). Using analysis of variance, the relative importance of training, heredity and their interaction was evaluated to be 20%, 70% and 10%, respectively, for the change in body fat, 35%, 45% and 20%, respectively, for the change in relative .VO(2max) and 25-30%, 50-60% and 15-20%, respectively, for the change in LT. In conclusion, training during pubertal growth can favour aerobic power (depending on body composition) as well as aerobic capacity, but it has no effect on absolute .VO(2max). Genetic control seems to have a strong effect on the extent of adaptations, and the genotype-training interaction explains a small, but prominent part of them.

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