Effects of 12-Week Resistance Exercise on Electroencephalogram Patterns and Cognitive Function in the Elderly With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Hong, Soon‐Gook; Kim, June‐Hong; Jun, Tae-Won

doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000476

Cited by 73 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the reviewed studies, the effect of resistance exercises and/or resistance training on cognition and the brain was investigated in different cohorts, including healthy young adults [43,182,183], healthy older adults [44,45,[184][185][186][187][188], older adults with mild cognitive impairment [188][189][190][191], older adults in an early stage of dementia [192], and individuals with multiple sclerosis [193]. Detailed information about participant characteristics (e.g., age, height, body mass) is provided in Table 1.…”

Section: Participants' Characteristics and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the effects of resistance training on cognition and functional and/or structural brain changes involved groups who trained 1 day [45,[184][185][186], 2 days [45, 184-186, 188-190, 193, 197], or 3 days per week [44,187,191]. Exercise sessions in the resistance training studies lasted 30 min [44], 40 min [191], 60 min [45,[184][185][186][187][188][189]197] or 90 min [190]. The regimes were conducted for 9 weeks [194], 10 weeks [192], 12 weeks [188], 16 weeks [44,191], 24 weeks [193], 26 weeks [190,197], 48 weeks [187], or 52 weeks [45,[184][185][186]189].…”

Section: Resistance Exercise Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Herold

Törpel

Schega

et al. 2019

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

201

152

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Background: During the aging process, physical capabilities (e.g., muscular strength) and cognitive functions (e.g., memory) gradually decrease. Regarding cognitive functions, substantial functional (e.g., compensatory brain activity) and structural changes (e.g., shrinking of the hippocampus) in the brain cause this decline. Notably, growing evidence points towards a relationship between cognition and measures of muscular strength and muscle mass. Based on this emerging evidence, resistance exercises and/or resistance training, which contributes to the preservation and augmentation of muscular strength and muscle mass, may trigger beneficial neurobiological processes and could be crucial for healthy aging that includes preservation of the brain and cognition. Compared with the multitude of studies that have investigated the influence of endurance exercises and/or endurance training on cognitive performance and brain structure, considerably less work has focused on the effects of resistance exercises and/or resistance training. While the available evidence regarding resistance exercise-induced changes in cognitive functions is pooled, the underlying neurobiological processes, such as functional and structural brain changes, have yet to be summarized. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of resistance exercise-induced functional and/or structural brain changes that are related to cognitive functions. Methods and results: A systematic literature search was conducted by two independent researchers across six electronic databases; 5957 records were returned, of which 18 were considered relevant and were analyzed. Short conclusion: Based on our analyses, resistance exercises and resistance training evoked substantial functional brain changes, especially in the frontal lobe, which were accompanied by improvements in executive functions. Furthermore, resistance training led to lower white matter atrophy and smaller white matter lesion volumes. However, based on the relatively small number of studies available, the findings should be interpreted cautiously. Hence, future studies are required to investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and to verify whether the positive findings can be confirmed and transferred to other needy cohorts, such as older adults with dementia, sarcopenia and/or dynapenia.

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Section: Participants' Characteristics and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance Exercise Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Herold

Törpel

Schega

et al. 2019

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

201

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One article was removed due to the absence of standard deviation data and an inability to obtain the original data from the author [40]. Ultimately, seven studies were included in the analysis, all having a pre-test and a post-test [24,[27][28][29][30][31][32]. The detailed flow of the filtering process is shown in ▶Fig.…”

Section: Literature Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some trials suggested that resistance training can improve general cognitive function [27][28][29], executive function [24,27,29] and working memory [30] in MCI patients. A small number of trials have presented opposite views, finding that MCI patients did not perform better in general cognitive function [30,31], executive function [30] or working memory [27,31,32] after intervention. Therefore, there is no consensus on the benefits of resistance training on cognitive function in MCI patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis: Resistance Training Improves Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Int J Sports Med

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This study investigated the benefits of resistance training on cognition in patients with mild cognitive impairment. We searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, and seven randomized controlled trials were reviewed. We evaluated the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s bias assessment tool. Standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for statistical analysis. This meta-analysis assessed three variables: general cognitive function, executive function and working memory. The results indicate that general cognitive function improved significantly (standardized mean difference: 0.53, P=0.04), and further subgroup analyses on frequency and duration per session showed that the subgroups ‘twice a week’ (P=0.01) and ‘duration per session >60 min’ (P=0.0006) exhibited better performance than the subgroups ‘three time a week’ (P=0.47) and ‘duration per session <60 min’ (P=0.53). Additionally, a moderate effect size was found in executive function (standardized mean difference: 0.50, P=0.0003), and there was non-significant effect in working memory (P=0.14). In summary, resistance training may mitigate mild cognitive impairment by improving cognition. Larger-scale studies are recommended to demonstrate the relationship between resistance training and cognition in mild cognitive impairment.

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“…While more than one-third of the interventions were beneficial, 14 out of 26 controls significantly decreased. Descriptions of intervention and control groups included in the review are presented in Table 3 [29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54]. All of the included studies were considered to have had a good methodological quality, scoring between 7 and 9 points according to the PEDro.…”

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical exercise on cognitively impaired older adults: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials

Sontáková

Bártová

Daďová

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives: The main aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of different physical activities on cognitive functions in older adults divided according to cognitive impairment levels. Methods: We searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for randomized control trials (RCT). A standardized mean difference (SMD) of the pre-post intervention score of global cognitive function tests were calculated by the random model in the Cochrane meta-analyses for people with cognitive impairment generally and across three levels - mild, mild to moderate, and moderate to severe cognitive impairment separately. Additionally, an unstandardized coefficient beta (B) was calculated in generalized linear models to estimate the effects of exercise, cognitive impairment severity, age, female ratio, length of intervention, and time of exercise a week on the global cognitive function. Results: Data from 26 studies involving 1,137 participants from intervention groups and 1,187 participants from control groups were analyzed. Physical exercise had a positive effect on cognitive functions in people across all levels of cognitive impairments SMD (95 % confidence interval [CI]) = 1.19 (0.77 - 1.62); however, heterogeneity was considerably high I 2 = 95%. Aerobic (B = 8.881) and resistance exercise (B = 4.464) was significantly associated with better results in global cognitive functions when compared to active control. A higher number of female participants cin intervention groups had a statistically significant effect on the global cognitive function (B = 0.229). onclusions: Physical exercise was associated with cognitive function improvement in older people with cognitive impairments. Aerobic exercise was more strongly associated than resistance exercise to combat cognitive decline. Keywords: Physical activity, Dementia, Aging, Meta-analysis, Aerobic exercise, Cognitive function

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Effects of 12-Week Resistance Exercise on Electroencephalogram Patterns and Cognitive Function in the Elderly With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract: A 15RM resistance exercise program can be an effective treatment for delaying cognitive decline and improving physical fitness.

Cited by 73 publications

References 43 publications

Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Meta-analysis: Resistance Training Improves Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Effects of physical exercise on cognitively impaired older adults: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials

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