Effects of 17 beta-estradiol on circulating adhesion molecules.

Abstract

The effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on the serum levels of the circulating endothelial-leukocyte, intercellular, and vascular adhesion molecules [ELAM-1, ICAM-1 (CD54), and VCAM-1] were evaluated in healthy male volunteers after single im injection of 10 mg E2 valerate. In addition, a time course of the effects of E2 on circulating adhesion molecules (AMs), cortisol serum levels, differential blood counts, and surface expression of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (CD11a/CD18), CD3, CD4, CD19, and CD25 on leukocytes was studied in another group of volunteers. A 5% decrease in circulating ICAM-1 (P = 0.045 vs. placebo) was found when a single time point (96 h after E2 injection) was studied. However, this decrease was smaller than the intrasubject (day to day) variability observed, and there was no consistent and time-dependent effect of E2 on circulating AMs. Circulating neutrophils increased 2.3-fold over baseline after E2 treatment (P = 0.0008 vs. placebo). The mean coefficients of variation for the intrasubject (day to day) and intersubject variability of circulating AMs were between 5.4-7.5% and 20-29%, respectively. Our findings indicate that the effect of E2 on circulating AMs is not distinguishable from the intrasubject variability observed after placebo treatment. Thus, an effect of E2 on adhesion molecules is unlikely to contribute to the antiatherogenic-cardioprotective effect of E2. The pronounced E2-mediated increase in neutrophils deserves further studies to elucidate its (patho-)physiological implications.

A Proinflammatory State Is Detectable in Obese Children and Is Accompanied by Functional and Morphological Vascular Changes

“…Sex differences for E-selectin have been described in adults previously. 38 As opposed to our original hypothesis, hsCRP did not correlate with IMT or FMD in our study. This is in slight contrast to a study of Järvisalo et al, 39 in which CRP was an independent predictor of brachial FMD in healthy children, and also to the data of Whincup et al, 40 who observed a fairly weak inverse association of CRP with arterial distensibility in 249 boys but not in 222 girls 13 to 15 years old.…”

Fosinopril decreases levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in borderline hypertensive type II diabetic patients with microalbuminuria

“…4 We deemed that detecting a 20% decrease would be of clinical relevance as most of the cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and diabetes are associated with a 20% to 30% increase in cAM. 10,11,13,23,24 Based on previous findings on the intrasubject variability of cAM 25,26 and the expected standard deviation we calculated 27 that 10 subjects were required in our study. In addition, 82 healthy subjects served as control subjects.…”

“…29,30 All soluble adhesion molecules were determined by commercially available enzyme immunoassays for soluble E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 (R&D Systems, Oxfordshire, England) as described previously. 25,26 Glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ), microalbuminuria, and serum lipids were determined as described previously. 14,31,32 Statistics As data were nonnormally distributed, nonparametric statistics were applied.…”

Estrogen reduces atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.

“…The nonlipid effects of estrogen that may contribute to the cardioprotection observed in humans include the following: effects on endothelial metabolism (8,9), myocardial conductance, hemostatic factors (10,11), vascular tone and reactivity (12), intimal cell proliferation (13,14), Lp(a) levels (15), expression of adhesion molecules (16), platelet aggregation (17), LDL oxidation (18, 19), inflammatory cytokine expression (20,21), and extracellular matrix synthesis. Additionally, estrogen might affect arterial wall calcification (22), the formation of unstable plaque and the generation of occlusive thrombi (4).…”