Effects of 2, 4-Dinitrophenol on the Early Development of the Teleost, Oryzias Latipes

Teratological effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol, produced water' and naphthalene on embryos of the inland silverside Menidia beryllina

“…la). A similar response was noted by Waterman (1939) who exposed late cleavage embryos of medaka Oryzias latipes to 2,4-DNP concentrations ranging from 8.3 to 25 mg 1-'. Abnormalities in the heart and extra embryonic vascular system were observed.…”

“…The effect of the pesticide and fungicide 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) on developing fish embryos has been studied in several species including medaka Oryzias latipes (Waterman 1939), Atlantic herring Clupea harengus harengus (Rosenthal & Stelzer 1970, Stelzer et al 1971, and trout Salmoirideus(Devillers & Chanconie 1972). Concentrations of 2,4-DNP ranging from 1 to 4 mg 1-' caused severe malformations, such as anophthalmy, symmetrical and unilateral microphthalmy, curled bodies, and dedifferentiation of embryos.…”

Medaka as a research organism: past, present and future

“…Several of the papers listed by Yamamoto can be considered as landmark studies: the taxonomic description of medaka (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846), the first assignment of medaka to its current genus Oryzias (Jordan and Snyder, 1906), Aida, 1921 paper in Genetics that provided the first demonstration in any organism of Y-linked inheritance, the first description of early development (Kamito, 1928), the analysis of Mendelian characters in medaka (Goodrich, 1926), the effect of a metabolic inhibitor on embryonic development (Waterman, 1939), successful artificial sex-reversal in medaka (Yamamoto, 1953), the description of geographical variation, as revealed by meristic characteristics in wild populations proposed to be controlled by polygenic systems (Egami, 1953) and the biochemical dissection of the phenomenon of hatching unique to oviparous animals (Yamagami, 1973). Although Tomita identified and described various spontaneous mutants this work was only reported in Japanese abstracts; therefore, Chapter 21 of Yamamoto's book is the most comprehensive summary of his accomplishments (Tomita, 1975).…”

Biological (molecular and cellular) markers of toxicity. Final report, September 15, 1988 - September 14, 1991

“…no EPA protocol for the assay and there has been little consistency in its application between " labs and researchers. For example, initial exposures of medaka embryos to tested xenobiotics have ranged from 2 hours post fertilization (Solomon and Weis, 1979;Dial, 1978) to organogenesis (Solomon and Faustman, 1987;Waterman, 1939;Shi and Faustman, 1979), and mode of exposure has varied from short-term pulses (Siu-yin Leung and Bulkey, 1979;Hiraoka, et al 1989;Marty, et al, 1991) to exposure throughout the incubation period (Michibata, et al 1987;Stoss and Haines, 1979;Schreiweis and Murray, 1976;Heisinger and Green, 1975;Hiraoka and Okuda, 1983).…”