Effects of 2.5‐hour sumo training on serum opsonic activity

Abstract

Sumo is a traditional Japanese sport, but the effect of actual daily training on neutrophil function is unknown. We evaluated the effect of sumo training on serum opsonic activity (SOA), which is one of the main neutrophil-related functions. Seventeen male university sumo wrestlers participated in the study. Changes in anthropometric parameters, concentrations of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM), complements (C3 and C4), myogenic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, asparate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase), white blood cell/neutrophil counts and SOA were measured immediately before and after actual daily training for 2.5 h. Compared with the pre-values, immunoglobulins and complements, myogenic enzymes and white blood cell/neutrophil counts significantly increased (p < 0.01 for all). As for SOA, the values of the peak height and the area under the curve significantly increased after the training when assessed using lucigenin as a chemiluminigenic probe (p < 0.01 for all), but showed no significant change when luminol was used as the chemiluminigenic probe. In conclusion, daily actual sumo training for 2.5 h increases SOA, thus possibly activating the reactive oxygen species production of neutrophils.

Changes in neutrophil functions during a 10‐month soccer season and their effects on the physical condition of professional Japanese soccer players

“…In previous studies, we investigated and observed neutrophil function of athletes under various physical stresses such as different intensities, durations and environmental conditions of physical exercise (i.e., during normal and intensive training, and during matches and/or weight reduction periods), as well as different states of health and conditioning of the participants (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). The results we obtained showed complex interrelationships regarding neutrophils and their various functions, although certain insights emerged about how these relationships work.…”

“…We previously categorized the changing patterns of neutrophil functions against different types of physical exercise and examined whether they could be used as an effective method to determine the condition of athletes. (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). We identified two patterns as follows: 1) "Normal".…”

“…The results we obtained showed complex interrelationships regarding neutrophils and their various functions, although certain insights emerged about how these relationships work. When players underwent a normal (adaptable) training period under normal physical conditions, ROS levels were found to increase whereas phagocytic activity (PA) was found to decrease; this tendency is referred to as the adapted pattern of neutrophil function (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

“…Conversely, when players were subjected to an extreme physical burden such as a marathon rugby match or an intensive training camp where players experienced fatigue for long periods, regardless of whether the players were in good physical condition or not at their optimal physical conditions, neutrophils were apparently unable to handle these conditions, leading to decreases in both ROS production capability and PA. This tendency is referred to as non-adapted pattern (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Thus, differences in the neutrophil functions of these two patterns were suggested to be the result of both exogenous and endogenous influences on athletes as well as the balance between them.…”

Effects of soccer matches on neutrophil and lymphocyte functions in female university soccer players

“…It has been previously reported that soccer practice increases leukocyte count in female athletes (7) and that leukocyte and inflammatory cytokines increase during the first and second halves of a soccer match and return to normal levels within 21 h after the match (8). We conducted studies on changes in immune functions in athletes from various competitive sports and results suggest that intensive exercise could accelerate and/or inhibit activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). We also showed that understanding of changes in neutrophil function of athletes in both short-and long-term periods can be an effective conditioning index to help athletes achieve optimal physical health.…”