Effects of 20,25-diazacholesterol on cholesterol synthesis in cultured chick muscle cells: A radiogas chromatographic and mass spectrometric study of the post-squalene sector

Emmons, Gary T; Rosenblum, Elaine; Peace, J. N.; Malloy, John M.; Doerfler, D. L.; McManus, I. Rosabelle; Campbell, I.

doi:10.1002/bms.1200090703

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the results of a previous study (Yoder et al 2004), and indicate that DiazaCon™ blocks the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol (Dietert and Scallen 1969;Emmons et al 1982). Experiments to test the effect of DiazaCon™ on the Δ 24 -reductase enzyme, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol, have yet to be conducted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…One promising contraceptive is 20,25-diazacholesterol dihydrochloride (DiazaCon™) which prevents the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol by inhibiting the Δ 24 -reductase enzyme (Emmons et al 1982;Yoder et al 2004). DiazaCon™ was formerly registered in the United States under the trade name Ornitrol to control reproduction of feral pigeons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of DiazaCon™ as a reproductive inhibitor for monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus)

Yoder

Avery²,

Keacher³

et al. 2007

Wildl. Res.

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Feral monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) populations have become established in the United States and other countries around the world, and can cause damage to electrical facilities. Because the monk parakeet is a highly visible species and there is often public opposition to lethal control measures, non-lethal methods, such as contraception, are being developed to help control the spread of feral populations. Two gavage studies and one ad libitum nesting study were conducted to assess the efficacy of DiazaCon™ as a potential contraceptive for the monk parakeet. The first gavage study compared daily dose levels of 0, 50, 75, and 100 mg DiazaCon™ (kg bodyweight)–1 administered for 10 consecutive days. Cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly concomitant with a significant increase in desmosterol concentrations in the treated groups, but did not vary between sexes. Cholesterol and desmosterol concentrations did not differ significantly among DiazaCon™ groups, and cholesterol remained significantly suppressed 12 weeks after treatment. On the basis of these results, the second gavage study compared 5 or 10 consecutive days of DiazaCon™ administration at 50 mg kg–1 bird–1 day–1. Cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly concomitant with a significant increase in desmosterol concentrations in the treated groups, but did not vary between sexes. Cholesterol and desmosterol concentrations did not differ significantly between DiazaCon™ groups, and cholesterol remained significantly suppressed 11 weeks after treatment. Parakeets in the nesting study were fed hulled sunflower seeds treated with a target dose of 50 mg DiazaCon™ kg–1 bird–1 day–1. Birds consumed enough to receive an average dose of 34 mg kg–1 pair–1 day–1, or 17 mg kg–1 bird–1 day–1. Birds in the treated group laid an average of 1.6 ± 0.7 eggs per clutch compared with 3.9 ± 1.1 eggs per clutch in the untreated control group. None of the eggs laid by treated birds hatched compared with 1.1 ± 0.6 eggs per clutch hatching in the control group. Reproductive inhibition was effective for the length of the breeding season, at which time the study was stopped and no more data were collected. DiazaCon™ is a promising avian oral contraceptive that should be further investigated in a field setting with monk parakeets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of DiazaCon™ as a reproductive inhibitor for monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus)

Yoder

Avery²,

Keacher³

et al. 2007

Wildl. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One promising oral contraceptive agent, DiazaCon (20,25-diazacholesterol dihydrochloride), prevents the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol by inhibiting the D 24 -reductase enzyme (Emmons et al 1982;Yoder et al 2004). Cholesterol is essential for reproduction because it is needed for the production of pregnenolone, the precursor hormone to progesterone, oestradiol and testosterone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DiazaCon reduces black-tailed prairie dog reproduction in Colorado

et al. 2016

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Context. Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomus ludovicianus) often come into conflict with humans in urban natural areas adjacent to private property by destroying plants and denuding the landscape. There is a diversity of attitudes related to urban prairie dog management in Colorado and interest in non-lethal methods is increasing. Therefore, the development of non-lethal methods that allow the existence of prairie dogs and mitigate damage related to population density is needed.Aims. The efficacy of DiazaCon (20,25-diazacholesterol dihydrochloride, a cholesterol analogue) as an oral contraceptive bait for reducing reproduction in black-tailed prairie dogs was tested. Persistence of DiazaCon in black-tailed prairie dogs 11 months after initial application was also determined.Methods. Prairie dogs were baited with DiazaCon-coated rolled oats or control bait for 10 days over a 20-day period in November 2007 on one control and one treatment site. Sites were randomly assigned to a treatment group. Visual counts were used 8 months post-treatment (June/July 2008) to determine pup : adult ratios on both sites. Prairie dogs on both sites were trapped 11 months post-treatment (September/October 2008) to gather mass and age data to assess juvenile : adult ratios and to collect blood samples for determination of serum cholesterol and desmosterol concentrations.Key results. DiazaCon treatment reduced the number of pups per adult by 95.5% when compared with the control site in June/July 2008 (0.09 AE 0.02, n = 10, number of observation days) versus 2.0 AE 0.2 (n = 10). Free serum cholesterol levels in treated animals (370.7 mg mL -1 ) were lower than control animal levels (411.6 mg mL -1, P < 0.015), while treated desmosterol levels (14.5 mg mL -1 ) were higher than controls (0.35 mg mL -1 , P < 0.02) 11 months after ingestion of DiazaCon bait. However, these differences would likely not have been sufficient to prevent successful breeding in the upcoming breeding season.Conclusions. DiazaCon is an effective contraceptive in black-tailed prairie dogs. It is probably reversible and will likely affect breeding success for only one breeding season. DiazaCon may provide an additional tool to help manage urban populations of prairie dogs in locations where lethal control is unacceptable.Implications. The need for further research into secondary hazards to non-target animals, such as predators, is discussed. Recommendations for field application are also discussed.

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“…Several reports have already appeared of how we have used rgc/ms in pursuit of both fungal secondary metabolic and of more general ends (39,(44)(45)(46)(47). Space does not permit inclusion of any significant amount of new material.…”

Section: Radiogas Chromatography/mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Secondary Metabolism Research: Past, Present and Future

Campbell¹

1983

J. Nat. Prod.

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Effects of 20,25-diazacholesterol on cholesterol synthesis in cultured chick muscle cells: A radiogas chromatographic and mass spectrometric study of the post-squalene sector

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Use of DiazaCon™ as a reproductive inhibitor for monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus)

Use of DiazaCon™ as a reproductive inhibitor for monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus)

DiazaCon reduces black-tailed prairie dog reproduction in Colorado

Fungal Secondary Metabolism Research: Past, Present and Future

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