Effects of 42-year long-term fertilizer management on soil phosphorus availability, fractionation, adsorption–desorption isotherm and plant uptake in flooded tropical rice

Abstract

Soil phosphorus (P) fractionation, adsorption, and desorption isotherm, and rice yield and P uptake were investigated in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) following 42-year fertilizer and manure application. The treatments included low-input [unfertilized control without N, P, or K (C 0 N 0 )], farmyard manure (FYM) (C 1 N 0 ), NP (C 0 NP), NPK (C 0 NPK), FYM + NP (C 1 NP), and high-input treatment, FYM + NPK (C 1 NPK). Grain yield was increased significantly by 74% over the control under the combined application of FYM + NPK. However, under lowand high-input treatments, yield as well as P uptake was maintained at constant levels for 35 years. During the same period, high yield levels and P uptake were maintained under the C 0 NP, C 0 NPK, and C 1 NPK treatments. These are unique characteristics of a tropical flooded ecosystem, which is a self-sustaining system for rice production. The Fe-P fraction was highest compared to the Ca-P and Al-P fractions after 42 years of fertilizer application and was significantly higher under FYM + NPK treatment. The P adsorption capacity of soil was highest under the low-input treatment and lowest under long-term balanced fertilization (FYM + NPK). In contrast, P desorption capacity was highest under NPK and lowest in the control treatment. Long-term balanced fertilization in the form of FYM + NPK for 42 years lowered the bonding energy and adsorption capacity for P in soil but increased its desorption potential, increasing P availability to the plant and leading to higher P uptake and yield maintenance.

Mobility of phosphorus from organic and inorganic source materials in a sandy soil

“…The results of leaching and distribution of P in the columns show that there was a translocation of P from layers with lower binding energy to layers with higher binding energy, with the soil acting as a sink. Studies have shown that long-term fertilization with manure can promote changes in P adsorption influencing its dislocation into deeper layers of the soil profile (del Campillo et al 1999;Silva and Menezes 2007;Galvão et al 2008;Xavier et al 2009;Tarkalson and Leytem 2009;Ojekami et al 2011;Abdala et al 2012;Bhattacharyya et al 2015). In this regard, leaching of P may occur in soils saturated with P, even if there is no excessive input of P. Nelson et al (2005) found higher values of leached P than P in the inputs for soils saturated with P when precipitation was above the average, indicating that desorption of P contributed to 50% of leached P.…”

Isolation and Characterization of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria With Multiple Phosphorus Sources Utilizing Capability and Their Potential for Lead Immobilization in Soil

“…Previous literatures have reported that insoluble IP can be dissolved by low molecular weight organic acids (e.g., citric and gluconic acids) produced and released by both phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and fungi (Sashidhar and Podile, 2009;Ogbo, 2010;Patel et al, 2011), and OP can be digested by extracellular enzymes (e.g., phosphatase and phytase) mainly synthesized and secreted by microbes (Tan et al, 2016;Neal et al, 2017). Previous literatures have reported that repeated utilization of fertilizers exacerbates soil quality and lessens phosphorus availability (Bhattacharyya et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2018). To achieve the aim of sustainable agriculture, the application of phosphorus solubilizing microbes with multiple P sources utilizing abilities provides a new approach to improve soil quality.…”

Seedling root-dip in phosphorus and biofertilizer added soil slurry method of nutrient management for transplanted rice in acid soil

“…The limited availability of phosphorus (P) for rice plant growth in highly weathered acid soils of tropics and sub-tropics is an emerging threat to the food security of the half of the world's population (FAO-STAT, 2016). Rice production is mainly constrained by low P-use efficiency (PUE) and P-recovery efficiency (PRE) in acid soils (Fageria et al, 2015), because P added to acid soils is fixed (50 to 90 % of applied phosphatic fertilizer) as insoluble phosphates of Al +3 and Fe +2 (Bhattacharyya et al, 2015;Redel et al, 2016). Though the application of phosphatic fertilizers had dramatically increased yields of rice from an acreage of 30-40% of world's arable land (Bijay-Singh and Singh, 2017) those belong to Inceptisols, Oxisols, Alfisols, and Ultisols concentrated in Brazil, Columbia, Venezuela, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia, but low PUE (< 20 to 25%) and PRE (approximate 10%) has been reported (von Uexküll and Mutert, 1995;Wardle et al, 2004;Fageria et al, 2014).…”