Effects of 49 years of fertilization on the distribution and accumulation of soil carbon under corn cultivation

ZhangBin,; YangXueming,; DruryCraig, F; Daniel, ReynoldsW.; HeHongbo,; ZhangXudong,

doi:10.4141/cjss2011-117

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The increased plant-available water and air capacities (Reynolds et al 2014), increased organic carbon contents (Gregorich et al 2001;Zhang et al 2012) and generally improved soil structure (Reynolds et al 2014) under the cornÁoatÁalfalfaÁalfalfa rotation relative to the other treatments caused enhanced growth and increased N uptake and water consumption by corn, and this in turn reduced N loss through N 2 O emissions. Gomes et al (2009) reported greater N 2 O emissions during the first 45 d after incorporation of cover crop residue due to denitrification of N in the residue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Impacts of 49 Á 51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 421Á433. A field study was established in 1959 to evaluate the effects of fertilization and crop rotation on crop yields, soil and environmental quality on a Brookston clay loam. There were two fertilizer treatments (fertilized and not-fertilized) and six cropping treatments including continuous corn (CC), continuous Kentucky bluegrass sod and a 4-yr rotation of cornÁoatÁalfalfaÁalfalfa with each phase present each year. We measured N 2 O emissions, inorganic N and plant N uptake over three growing seasons (2007Á2009) in the corn phase. Nitrous oxide emissions varied over the 3 yr as a result of the seasonal variation in precipitation quantity, intensity and timing and differences in crop growth and N uptake. Fertilized CC lost, on average, 7.36 kg N ha(1 by N 2 O emissions, whereas the not-fertilized CC lost only 0.51 kg N ha (1 . Fertilized rotation corn (RC) lost 6.46 kg N ha (1 , which was 12% lower than fertilized CC. The notfertilized RC, on the other hand, emitted about half as much N 2 O (2.95 kg N ha(1 ) as the fertilized RC. Fertilized RC had corn grain yields that averaged 10.0 t ha(1 over the 3 yr followed by fertilized CC at 5.48 t ha . Not-fertilized RC corn had yields that were 61% lower (3.93 t ha(1 ) than fertilized RC, whereas the not-fertilized CC had yields that were 75% lower (1.39 t ha(1 ) than fertilized CC. Nitrous oxide emissions were found to be dramatically affected by long-term management practices and crop rotation had lower emissions in the corn phase of the rotation even though the N input from fertilizer addition and legume N fixation was greater. These N 2 O emission and yield results were due to both factors that are traditionally used to describe these processes as well as long-term soil quality factors, which were created by the long-term management (i.e., soil organic carbon, soil physical parameters such as bulk density, and porosity, soil fauna and microflora) and that influenced crop growth, N uptake and soil water contents. Les de´gagements d'oxyde nitreux ont fluctue´au cours de ces trois anne´es et on attribue le phe´nome`ne aux variations saisonnie`res du nombre, de l'intensite´et du moment des pre´cipitations, ainsi qu'aux diffe´rences observe´es au niveau de la croissance des cultures et de l'absorption de l'azote. La MC bonifie´e a perdu en moyenne 7,36 kg de N par hectare sous forme d'e´missions de N 2 O, alors que la MC sans amendement n'en a perdu que 0,51 kg par hectare. En assolement fertilise´, le maı¨s a perdu 6,46 kg de N par hectare, ce qui correspond a`12 % de moins que pour la MC bonifie´e. L'assolement de maı¨s (AM) non fertilise´, en revanche, a libe´re´a`peu pre`s la moitie´de N 2 O (2,95 kg de N par hectare) que l'AM amende´. L'AM fertilise´a donne´un rendement grainier moyen de 10,0 t par hectare au cours des trois anne´es a`l'e´tude, la MC fertilise´e arrivant deuxie`me avec 5,48 t par hectare....

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Field plots under consistent, long‐term management have great value for agronomic and environmental research because many complex soil and hydrologic processes have stabilized, thereby producing true long‐term management effects (Reynolds et al, 2014b). For example, the field site in this study has already demonstrated long‐term (25–55 yr) land management effects on soil structure (McKeague et al, 1987), soil physical quality (Reynolds et al, 2014a), organic C dynamics (Gregorich et al, 2001; Zhang et al, 2012), tile drainage (Tan et al, 2002), nitrous oxide emissions (Drury et al, 2004, 2014a), and crop productivity (Drury and Tan, 1995). However, the site has not been used to determine management effects on water flow and N loss partitioning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term Cropping Effects on Partitioning of Water Flow and Nitrate Loss between Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surface runoff and tile drainage are the main pathways for water movement and entry of agricultural nitrate into water resources. The objective of this 5-yr study was to characterize the partitioning of water flow and nitrate loss between these pathways for a humid-temperate Brookston clay loam soil under 54 to 59 yr of consistent cropping and fertilization. Cropping treatments included monoculture corn ( L., MC), continuous bluegrass ( L.) sod (CS), and a corn-oat-alfalfa ( L.)-alfalfa rotation (RC-RO-RA1-RA2). Fertilization treatments included annual fertilizer addition (F) and no fertilizer addition (NF). Tile drainage and surface runoff occurred primarily during the nongrowing season (November-April), and they were highly correlated with the mean saturated hydraulic conductivity of the near-surface soil profile. Tile drainage accounted for 69 to 90% of cumulative water flow and 79 to 96% of cumulative nitrate loss from fertilized rotation and CS, whereas surface runoff accounted for the majority of the nitrate losses in MC (i.e., 75-93% of water flow and 65-96% of nitrate loss). Cumulative nitrate losses were highest in the RC-F (152 kg N ha), RC-NF (101 kg N ha), RA2-F (121 kg N ha), and RA2-NF (75 kg N ha) plots, and these high losses are attributed to N mineralization from the plowed alfalfa and fertilization (if applicable). Fertilization increased cumulative nitrate loss in tile drainage from all treatments, whereas no fertilization increased cumulative nitrate loss in surface runoff from the rotation. Cropping system and fertilization on clay loam soil changed how water flow and nitrate loss were partitioned between tile drainage and surface runoff.

show abstract

“…The effect of N fertilizer to the corn crop on SOC appeared significant in the 0-to 45-cm depth (11 g C m 2 yr (1 ) but not at shallower layers ((2.1 to 1.5 g C m 2 yr (1 ) (Table 6). Nitrogen fertilizer likely facilitated increased SOC sequestration due to increased primary production and thereby greater residue C inputs (Zhang et al 2012), but research should investigate why the effect on SOC was most pronounced at deeper depths (up to or !45 cm). Although the corn N fertilization experiment was 12 yr longer at Woodslee than Ridgetown, the meta-analysis showed that the sites had similar positive effect of N fertilization on SOC storage (Table 6).…”

Section: Nitrogen Fertilizermentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Organic Carbon and Land Use: Processes and Potential in Ontario’s Long-term Agro-ecosystem Research Sites

Congreves¹,

Smith²,

Németh³

et al. 2014

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soil organic carbon and land use: Processes and potential in Ontario's long-term agro-ecosystem research sites. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 317Á336. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for maintaining a productive agro-ecosystem. Long-term research must be synthesized to understand the effects of land management on SOC storage and to develop best practices to prevent soil degradation. Therefore, this review compiled an inventory of long-term Ontario studies and assessed SOC storage under common Ontario land management regimes via a meta-analysis and literature review. In general, greater SOC storage occurred in no-till (NT) vs. tillage systems, in crop rotation vs. continuous corn, and in N fertilizer vs. no N fertilizer systems; however, soil texture and perhaps drainage class may determine the effects of tillage. The effect on SOC storage was variable when deeper soil depth ranges (0Á45 cm) were considered for NT and rotational cropping, which suggests an unpredictable effect of land management on SOC at depths below the plough layer. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to use the presented inventory of nine long-term research sites and 18 active experiments in Ontario to pursue coordinated studies of long-term land management on SOC at depths extending below the plough layer.

show abstract

Effects of 49 years of fertilization on the distribution and accumulation of soil carbon under corn cultivation

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields

Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields

Long‐term Cropping Effects on Partitioning of Water Flow and Nitrate Loss between Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage

Soil Organic Carbon and Land Use: Processes and Potential in Ontario’s Long-term Agro-ecosystem Research Sites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About