Effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on distinct types of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Javelle, Florian; Lampit, Amit; Bloch, Wilhelm; Häussermann, Peter; Johnson, Sheri L.; Zimmer, Philipp

doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuz039

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The lack of decline and corresponding maintenance of circulating serotonin occurred in cows receiving some form of 5-HTP, which suggests part of the elevation in serotonin concentrations in 2 mg/kg IR 5-HTP over 0 mg/kg 5-HTP may be related to lack of potential factors upstream inhibiting serotonin synthesis. Synthesis of serotonin can be altered by cortisol excess, vitamin B 6 deficiency, and biochemical feedback, with 5-HTP usage avoiding these inhibition factors as it bypasses l-tryptophan conversion and corresponding factors (Meyers, 2000;Javelle et al, 2020). We did not observe treatment differences in feed intake, but the lowest DMI was recorded on d 2.…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Oral administration of 5-HTP, the rate-limiting precursor to serotonin, has been shown to be clinically effective at increasing serotonin concentrations in humans because it bypasses the rate-limiting step to directly increase serotonin's biosynthesis (Birdsall, 1998). Use of 5-HTP as a dietary supplement has alleviated symptoms associated with low serotonin concentrations (Javelle et al, 2020). In humans, 5-HTP has been shown to be well-absorbed in oral doses, with approximately 70% ending up in the bloodstream (Magnussen and Nielsen-Kudsk;1980;Magnussen et al, 1981).…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short communication: The effect of ruminal administration of 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan on circulating serotonin concentrations

Connelly

Marshall²,

Crump

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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The monoamine serotonin has been shown to regulate peripartal calcium homeostasis in multiparous cows and be a possible mitigation tool for hypocalcemia. Increasing circulating serotonin concentrations via prepartum intravenous (IV) administration of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP) increases postpartum calcium concentrations. However, the ability of 5-HTP to be used orally or ruminally to alter circulating serotonin concentrations has not been established. Hence, our objective was to determine if ruminal administration of 5-HTP altered circulating serotonin concentrations. Four ruminally cannulated, nonlactating, nonpregnant multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square with 4-d periods separated by a 7-d washout. On d 1 and 2 of each period, cows were dosed with 1 of 4 experimental treatments as follows: (1) 0 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of 5-HTP, (2) 1 mg/kg of BW of intraruminal 5-HTP, (3) 2 mg/kg of BW of intraruminal 5-HTP, or (4) 1 mg/kg of BW of IV 5-HTP. Infusions were administered over a 1-h period, and all groups not receiving 5-HTP IV were infused with an equal volume of IV saline to that of IV 1 mg/kg of BW of 5-HTP treatment. Continuous serial blood samples were collected beginning after d 2 of treatment administration. Whole blood serotonin concentrations were higher in cows dosed with 2 mg/kg of BW of intraruminal 5-HTP immediately after dosing when compared with cows dosed with 0 mg/kg of BW of 5-HTP on d 2, but were similar on d 3 and 4 of the experimental period. Cows receiving IV 5-HTP had the highest circulating serotonin concentrations relative to all other treatments. These findings demonstrated that 2 intraruminal dosings of 5-HTP at 2 mg/kg of BW resulted in elevated circulating serotonin concentrations relative to the control immediately after dosing. This supports the potential for 5-HTP to be used orally to manipulate circulating serotonin concentrations.

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Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communication: The effect of ruminal administration of 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan on circulating serotonin concentrations

Connelly

Marshall²,

Crump

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Nonetheless, the pharmacological use and benefit of both 5-HTP and 5-HT (serotonin) have been matters of controversy [ 30 , 37 , 38 ], in part because many clinical studies of either metabolite lacked proper controls and were considered inconclusive in meta-analyses. Both exhibit a plethora of adverse effects, particularly in higher doses, including cardiovascular problems, upset stomach, headache, agitation, panic attacks, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, and suicidality.…”

Section: Metabolism Of Trpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uniqueness of Tryptophan in Biology: Properties, Metabolism, Interactions and Localization in Proteins

Barik

2020

IJMS

132

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Tryptophan (Trp) holds a unique place in biology for a multitude of reasons. It is the largest of all twenty amino acids in the translational toolbox. Its side chain is indole, which is aromatic with a binuclear ring structure, whereas those of Phe, Tyr, and His are single-ring aromatics. In part due to these elaborate structural features, the biosynthetic pathway of Trp is the most complex and the most energy-consuming among all amino acids. Essential in the animal diet, Trp is also the least abundant amino acid in the cell, and one of the rarest in the proteome. In most eukaryotes, Trp is the only amino acid besides Met, which is coded for by a single codon, namely UGG. Due to the large and hydrophobic π-electron surface area, its aromatic side chain interacts with multiple other side chains in the protein, befitting its strategic locations in the protein structure. Finally, several Trp derivatives, namely tryptophylquinone, oxitriptan, serotonin, melatonin, and tryptophol, have specialized functions. Overall, Trp is a scarce and precious amino acid in the cell, such that nature uses it parsimoniously, for multiple but selective functions. Here, the various aspects of the uniqueness of Trp are presented in molecular terms.

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“…5‐Hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP) is an intermediate molecule in the synthesis of 5‐HT and is used as a supplement to enhance the levels of 5‐HT in the treatment of several diseases related to serotonergic imbalance, such as depression (Jacobsen et al., 2016 ; Javelle et al., 2020 ). l ‐Tryptophan is an essential amino acid; it is obtained from the diet because it is not synthesized by mammals (Church et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differential sensitivity of the hypothalamic–hypophysial–ovarian axis to 5‐hydroxytryptophan alters the secretion of estradiol

Monroy,

Cortés,

Domínguez

et al. 2023

Experimental Physiology

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Serotonin [5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)] modulates ovarian function. The precursor of 5‐HT, 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP), has been used to treat depression. However, the effects of 5‐HTP on ovarian and reproductive physiology remain unknown. In this research, we analysed the impact of 5‐HTP on the monoaminergic system and its interactions with the reproductive axis and ovarian estradiol secretion when administered by distinct routes. Female rats 30 days of age were injected with 5‐HTP i.p. (100 mg/kg), into the ovarian bursa (1.5 µg/40 µL) or into the median raphe nucleus (20 µg/2.5 µL) and were killed 60 or 120 min after injection. As controls, we used rats of the same age injected with vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Monoamine, gonadotrophin and steroid ovarian hormone concentrations were measured. The injection of 5‐HTP either i.p. or directly into the ovarian bursa increased the concentrations of 5‐HT and the metabolite 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid in the ovary. For both routes of administration, the serum concentration of estradiol increased. After i.p. injection of 5‐HTP, the concentrations of luteinizing hormone were decreased and follicle‐stimulating hormone increased after 120 min. Micro‐injection of 5‐HTP into the median raphe nucleus increased the concentrations of 5‐HT in the anterior hypothalamus and dopamine in the medial hypothalamus after 120 min. Our results suggest that the administration of 5‐HTP either i.p. or directly into the ovarian bursa enhances ovarian estradiol secretion.

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Effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on distinct types of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Short communication: The effect of ruminal administration of 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan on circulating serotonin concentrations

Short communication: The effect of ruminal administration of 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan on circulating serotonin concentrations

The Uniqueness of Tryptophan in Biology: Properties, Metabolism, Interactions and Localization in Proteins

The differential sensitivity of the hypothalamic–hypophysial–ovarian axis to 5‐hydroxytryptophan alters the secretion of estradiol

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