Effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on mouse spermatogenesis monitored by flow cytometric analysis

Vita, R. De; Cavallo, Delia; Raganella, L.; Eleuteri, Patrizia; Grollino, Maria Giuseppa; Calugi, A

doi:10.1002/bem.2250160510

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, meiotic cells offer a good model to establish a relationship between MF exposure and cytotoxicity [De Vita et al, 1995;Furuya et al, 1998]. In 1972, Leonard [1972] demonstrated that spermatocyte I chromosomes in the diakinesis stage or in metaphase I, showed convenient configurations for the detection of rearrangements and other chromosome aberrations induced earlier in spermatogenesis of treated males, thus constituting a valuable spermatocyte test for potential mutagenicity in mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of alterations on meiotic chromosomes and morphological characteristics of male germ cells in mice exposed to a 60 Hz and 2.0 mT magnetic field

Heredia-Rojas

Caballero‐Hernández

Fuente

et al. 2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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The effect of in vivo exposure of mice to a 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field (MF) at 2.0 mT on male germ cells was studied. The cytological endpoints measured included meiotic chromosome aberrations in spermatocytes and sperm morphology. Three independent experiments were carried out: (a) animals exposed for 72 h, (b) 10 days/8 h daily, and (c) 72 h exposure to MF plus 5 mg/kg of Mitomycin-C. No statistically significant differences indicative of MF effects were observed between MF exposed and control animals. In addition, an opposite effect between MF exposure and Mitomycin-C treatment in terms of chromosomal aberrations and sperm morphology was observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of alterations on meiotic chromosomes and morphological characteristics of male germ cells in mice exposed to a 60 Hz and 2.0 mT magnetic field

Heredia-Rojas

Caballero‐Hernández

Fuente

et al. 2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…A significant decrease of elongated spermatids was found in exposed 50 Hz at 1.7 mT for 4 hours at 28 days after treatment in mice [9]. However, exposure to ELF-EMF did not induce dominant mutation in the germ cells of male mice [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Endonuclease G is Upregulated and Required in Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis after Exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT

Park¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2015

Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science

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Several reports supported that continuous exposure to 60 Hz magnetic field (MF) induces testicular germ cell apoptosis in vivo. We recently evaluated duration-and dose-dependent effects of continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF on the testes in mice. BALB/c male mice were exposed to a 60 Hz MF at 100 μT for 24 hours a day for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks, and at 2, 20 or 200 μT for 24 hours a day for 8 weeks.To induce the apoptosis of testicular germ cell in mice, the minimum dose is 20 μT at continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF for 8 weeks, and the minimum duration is 6 weeks at continuous exposure of 100 μT. Continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF might affect duration-and dose-dependent biological processes including apoptotic cell death and spermatogenesis in the male reproductive system of mice. The safety guideline of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) indicates that the permissible maximum magnetic flux density for general public exposure is 200 μT at 60 Hz EMF (ICNIRP Guidelines, 2010). In the present study, we aimed to examine the expression of pro-and anti-apoptotic genes regulated by the continuous exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT in Sprague-Dawley rats for 20 weeks. The continuous exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT does not affect the body and testicular weight in rats. However, exposure to 60 Hz MF significantly affects testicular germ cell apoptosis and sperm count. Further, the apoptosis-related gene was scrutinized after exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT for 20 weeks. We found that the message level of endonuclease G (EndoG) was greatly increased following the exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT compared with sham control. These data suggested that 60 Hz magnetic field induced testicular germ cell apoptosis through mitochondrial protein Endo G.Key Words: 60 Hz Magnetic Field, Apoptosis, Endonuclease G, Reproductive Function, Testicular Germ Cell. Manuscript received May 11, 2015 ; Revised June 25, 2015 ; Accepted July 7, 2015. (ID No. 20150511-026J) This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ⓒ

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“…Os efeitos deletérios dos CEM em mamíferos ainda são contraditórios (LUO et al, 2006). Tem sido demonstrado que campos elétricos e magnéticos podem causar efeitos genotóxicos em diversos tipos celulares, tais como células progenitoras neurais de camundongo, células nervosas cerebrais e células da granulosa em ratos, linfócitos, fibroblastos e melanócitos humanos e embriões de camundongo (ESTÉCIO; SILVA, 2002;LAI;SINGH, 2004;IVANCSITS et al, 2005;NIKOLOVA et al, 2005;LUO et al, 2006). Possivelmente estes campos elétricos e magnéticos atuam influenciando a susceptibilidade a danos no DNA (WOLF et al, 2005).…”

Section: Grupounclassified

Integridade de DNA e morfologia espermática de ratos submetidos a campos eletromagnéticos de baixa frequência durante diferentes períodos do desenvolvimento

Tenório

Jimenez

Guerra

et al. 2011

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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RESUMO.A exposição da sociedade a Campos Eletromagnéticos (CEM) vem aumentando vertiginosamente em virtude da ampla expansão tecnológica observada nos últimos anos. Tanto a geração, como a distribuição e a utilização de energia elétrica podem gerar Campos Eletromagnéticos de baixa freqüência (50 e 60 Hz). Pesquisas vêm demonstrando que a exposição a estes CEM podem proporcionar alterações fisiológicas significativas, apesar disto, ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos a extensão destes efeitos, nem os mecanismos de ação que envolve a interação dos CEM com os organismos biológicos. O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo verificar os efeitos dos CEM (60 Hz e 1 mT) sobre a integridade de DNA e morfologia espermática de ratos sexualmente maduros, que foram expostos ao CEM durante diferentes períodos do seu desenvolvimento. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho não encontraram indícios de alterações no DNA dos espermatozóides, porém, foram observadas alterações significativas na morfologia dos espermatozoides após a exposição ao CEM. Estas alterações na morfologia espermática podem reduzir o potencial reprodutivo. Portanto, devemos considerar o CEM como um potencial risco a saúde pública, recomendando-se a realização de mais pesquisas buscando estabelecer níveis seguros de exposição aos CEM.Palavras-chave: ondas eletromagnéticas, radiação não-ionizante, espermatozóide, lesões de DNA, patologias espermáticas.ABSTRACT. DNA integrity and sperm morphology of Wistar rats exposed to low frequency electromagnetic fields during different periods of development. The society's exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has been growing considerable due to the great technological expansion observed in the last few years. Generation as well as distribution and use of electric energy can generate low frequency electromagnetic fields (50 and 60 Hz). Issues have been demonstrating that EMF exposure could provoke significantly physiological changes, however, the extension of EMF effects weren't totally clarified. The major objective of this issue was to evaluate the EMF (60 Hz and 1 mT) effects on DNA integrity and sperm morphology in Wistar rats with mature sexuality that were exposed during different stages of testicular development. According to our results, EMF did not change DNA integrity, but we could observe morphological changes in sperm after exposure to EMF. These changes in sperm morphology may reduce the reproductive potential. Therefore, we should consider the EMF as a potential risk to public health, recommending the implementation of further research seeking to establish safe levels of exposure to EMF.

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Effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on mouse spermatogenesis monitored by flow cytometric analysis

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Lack of alterations on meiotic chromosomes and morphological characteristics of male germ cells in mice exposed to a 60 Hz and 2.0 mT magnetic field

Lack of alterations on meiotic chromosomes and morphological characteristics of male germ cells in mice exposed to a 60 Hz and 2.0 mT magnetic field

Endonuclease G is Upregulated and Required in Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis after Exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT

Integridade de DNA e morfologia espermática de ratos submetidos a campos eletromagnéticos de baixa frequência durante diferentes períodos do desenvolvimento

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