Effects of ?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and chlordiazepoxide (CDP) on state-dependent learning: evidence for asymmetrical dissociation

Cannabis: Review of behavioral effects in animals.

“…Henriksson and Jarbe (1971b) found that both 7.5 milligrams per kilogram of A 9 -THC and 15 milligrams per kilogram of A 8 -THC suppressed acquisition of avoidance in rats, whereas Walters and Abel (1970) found that pyrahexyl improved avoidance acquisition in gerbils presumably by facilitating the most dominant response in this situation, running. Goldberg, Hefner, Robichaud, and Dubinsky (1973) found that THC had a biphasic effect on avoidance acquisition in mice, producing depression with low doses and facilitation with high doses. Depression and facilitation of acquisition were correlated respectively with decreased and increased responding during the intertrial interval.…”

“…Using a transfer design, dissociation has been demonstrated in humans (Hill, Schwin, Powell, & Goodwin, 1973), mice (Goldberg et al, 1973), and rats (Barry & Kubena, 1971;Bueno & Carlini, 1972;Henriksson & Jarbe, 197Ib). Most of the successful demonstrations of dissociation have been shown in active avoidance tasks with THC.…”

Erratum: Behavioral and Neural Analysis of GABA in the Acquisition, Consolidation, Reconsolidation, and Extinction of Fear Memory

“…Indeed, some evidence suggests that the retentionimpairing effects of pre-training GABA A receptor agonists are due to state dependency. For example, pre-training administration of drugs such as chlordiazepoxide (CDP) (Goldberg et al, 1973;Henriksson and Jarbe, 1971;Oishi et al, 1972;Patel et al, 1979;Furukawa et al, 1987), diazepam (Nakagawa et al, 1993), muscimol (Nakagawa et al, 1993), and halazepam (Patel et al, 1979) disrupt retention in both passive and active avoidance memory paradigms. However, injection of the same drugs before testing produces a reinstatement of avoidance responding in the drug-treated animals, although a similar result was not obtained by Farkash and Cranney (2010) when MDZ was injected before testing.…”

Cannabis: Neural Mechanisms and Behavior – a Theoretical Review

“…This means that a subject is likely to perform better if trained and tested in a drug state than if trained in one state and tested in another (119). This phenomenon has been shown for active avoid ance studies with THC (11,57,69) and passive avoidance for both THC (56) and scopolamine (106). Scopolamine also produces state-dependence in a condi tioned suppression situation (13) and in various appetitively motivated tasks (119).…”

“…Both anticholinergics and marihuana produce dissociation on verbal and visual memory tasks in man (71,119). Some evidence exists which indicates that dissociation may be more pronounced in the asymmetrical (D -N D ) than sym metrical (N D -D ) direction (13,57). Both THC and scopolamine have been used as discriminative stimuli for various learned responses (70,87,119).…”