Effects of 900-MHz Radio Frequencies on the Chemotaxis of Human Neutrophils in Vitro

Abstract

The effects of radio frequency (RF) fields on the ability of human neutrophils to follow concentration gradients of Cyclic Adenosine 3', 5'-Monophosphate (C-AMP) are reported. Blood from healthy adult donors was exposed in vitro to different temperatures and 900-MHz RF field at approximately 0.4 V/m. It was observed that the neutrophils' speed increased with increasing temperatures from 35 degrees to 40 degrees where it peaked and then decreased above 40 degrees without RF exposure. When 900-MHz RF field was applied, the speed increased above the value observed at the same temperature, and the maximum speed exceeded that measured value at any temperature by approximately 50%. The calculated temperature change resulting from the RF exposure was less than one microdegree. The direction of motion changed from along the concentration gradient and the electrical field lines to motion at right angles to the concentration gradient and the electric field. The average time for the neutrophils to respond to the effect of RF radiation was about 2.5 min.

Prediction of temperature distribution in human BEL exposed to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation using ANFIS

“…In recent years, much attention has been drawn on the possi-Q3 ble effects of electromagnetic (EM) waves on human health [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Mobile phones differ from other EM sources with their rapidly increasing number and their proximity to the user's brain as a source of EM waves.…”

“…In another study, an increase of 4.5 • C in the brain temperature is accepted as an allowable limit for exposures exceeding 30 min. Various studies suggest that both foreseeable and unforeseeable health related issues are apt to occur with less significant increases in the brain temperature [4][5][6]15]. …”

Green Communication: An Effective Approach to Minimize Risk of Forgetfulness from Mobile Phone Usage

“…Usually it causes a heating effect but extensive usage of mobile-phone may have a hazardous effect among children due to the lack of awareness. The epidemiological [10], cellular [11] and animal studies [12], have been performed for the evaluation of EM radiation and its harmful effect, but none of them have reached definite conclusions. Therefore, it is important to study possible adverse health effects among cellular phone users.…”

The study of the sensitivity of human blood cells to microwave radiation.

“…Избыточное образование свободных радикалов в организме или окислительный (оксидативный) стресс, вызванный воздействием ЭМИ данных диапазонов частот в последнее время рассматривается некоторыми специалистами как один из основных механизмов биологической активности радио-и микроволн [1][2][3]. В ряде исследований показано, что микроволны могут влиять на различные процессы, связанные с развитием окислительного стресса: изменение структуры и функции ферментов, в частности, усиление активности пероксидаз [4][5], интенсивность свободно-радикальных процессов в клетках и тканях и усиление активации клеток, изменение ответа клеток иммунной системы и модуляцию иммунного ответа организма в целом [6][7]…”