Effects of a 12-month physical activity counselling intervention on glycaemic control and on the status of cardiovascular risk factors in people with Type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of physical activity counselling in promoting physical activity in people with Type 2 diabetes and to evaluate resultant physiological and biochemical effects. Methods. A total of 70 inactive people with Type 2 diabetes were given standard exercise information and randomised to receive physical activity counselling (n=35, experimental) or not (n=35, control). Physical activity consultations were delivered at baseline and after 6 months, with follow-up phone calls after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. Changes from baseline after 6 and 12 months were assessed for physical activity (7-day recall and accelerometer), for physiological characteristics (body mass index and blood pressure) and for biochemical variables (HbA 1 c, lipid profile, fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator and microalbuminuria). Results. Significant differences between groups were recorded for physical activity after 6 and 12 months (p<0.01). The experimental group had increased levels of physical activity from baseline to 6 months (p<0.01), with no decrease from 6 to 12 months (p>0.05). In the control group, accelerometer counts per week decreased from baseline to 12 months (p=0.03). Between-group differences (p<0.05) were recorded for the change in HbA 1 c (experimental: 0.26% decrease; control: 0.15% increase), for systolic blood pressure (experimental: 7.7 mm Hg decrease; control: 5.6 mm Hg increase) and for fibrinogen (experimental: 0.28 mmol/l decrease; control: 1.43 mmol/l increase) from baseline to 6 months, and for total cholesterol (experimental: 0.33 mmol/l decrease; control: 0.04 mmol/l increase) from baseline to 12 months (p<0.05). No significant differences were recorded in other measured variables. Conclusions/interpretations. Physical activity counselling was effective in promoting physical activity in people with Type 2 diabetes. The counselling improved glycaemic control as well as the status of cardiovascular risk factors in these patients.

Wearable Systems for Monitoring Mobility-Related Activities in Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review

“…The three articles written by Kirk et al [44,45,47] were all based on the same study and, therefore, treated as one publication. Although these three papers were focussing on different research questions, they essentially used the same set of data for the parameters of interest for this review.…”

“…Completed studies where individuals or groups were followed up in time and where the effects of interventions on physical activity were investigated totalled 21 studies: two completed RCTs focussing on arthritis [26,27], four completed RCTs focussing on COPD [28–31], five RCTs focussing on CVD [32–34,36,37], and ten completed studies focussing on Diabetes [38–49] (where [44,45,47] were treated as being one study). The remaining studies were either published study protocols or presenting base line data only.…”

“…The duration of the studies was 5 weeks [46], 6 weeks [38], 12 weeks [39], 24 weeks [49], 6 months [40,41,44,45,47], and 12 months [42,43,48], respectively. These ten studies involved 720 participants with a mean age of 57.3 (SD 8.5) years.…”

Exercise and Diabetes-Related Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review of Published Evidence from Observational Studies and Clinical Trials

“…Jonker JT et al [50] 2006 Prospective cohort study 5209 Moderately and highly active people have a longer total life expectancy and live more years free of diabetes than their sedentary counterparts but do not spend more years with diabetes. Kirk A et al [33] 2004 Randomized control trial 70 Physical activity counseling was effective in promoting physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes. The counseling improved glycemic control as well as the status of cardiovascular risk factors in these patients.…”

“…For example, in a randomized controlled trial from the UK (n= 70), Kirk et al [33] conducted an intervention of physical activity counseling at baseline and after 6 months in women and men with type 2 diabetes. The authors reported that physical activity, total accelerometer counts/week, and blood glucose control (HbA1c) improved marginally in the intervention group, while no significant changes were found in the control group.…”