Effects of a 12-Month Treatment with Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, and Their Combination on Oxidant and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Lambadiari, Vaia; Thymis, J; Kouretas, Demetrios; Tekos, Fotios; Kousathana, Foteini; Kountouri, Aikaterini; Balampanis, Konstantinos; Parissis, John; Andreadou, Ioanna; Tsoumani, Maria; Chania, Christina; Katogiannis, K; Dimitriadis, George; Bamias, Aristotelis; Ikonomidis, Ignatios

doi:10.3390/antiox10091379

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In addition, empagliflozin treatment increased 2,2¢-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity (a measure of antioxidant capacity) in diabetic patients, suggesting a beneficial equilibrium between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms despite empagliflozin also increasing serum levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The authors suggest that the increased levels of TBARS and MDA (both indicators of lipid peroxidation) can be explained by the ketogenesis induced by SGLT2is that may contribute to lipid peroxidation [ 99 ]. Contrarily, Nabrdalik-Leśniak et al have described that therapy of at least one month with either canagliflozin or empagliflozin decreased total antioxidant capacity (estimated by ABTS urine levels) in diabetic patients as compared to that of diabetic patients not treated with SGLT2is and healthy controls.…”

Section: Antioxidant Properties Of Sglt2 Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Roles of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Kidney

et al. 2022

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The reduction-oxidation (redox) system consists of the coupling and coordination of various electron gradients that are generated thanks to serial reduction-oxidation enzymatic reactions. These reactions happen in every cell and produce radical oxidants that can be mainly classified into reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS and RNS modulate cell-signaling pathways and cellular processes fundamental to normal cell function. However, overproduction of oxidative species can lead to oxidative stress (OS) that is pathological. Oxidative stress is a main contributor to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) onset. In the kidney, the proximal tubular cells require a high energy supply to reabsorb proteins, metabolites, ions, and water. In a diabetic milieu, glucose-induced toxicity promotes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, impairing tubular function. Increased glucose level in urine and ROS enhance the activity of sodium/glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2), which in turn exacerbates OS. SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated clear cardiovascular benefits in DKD which may be in part ascribed to the generation of a beneficial equilibrium between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms.

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Section: Antioxidant Properties Of Sglt2 Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Roles of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Kidney

et al. 2022

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“…In the group of patients with chronic kidney disease or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and HF, an SGLT-2 inhibitor should be preferred [ 157 ]. Moreover, these agents improve serum levels of antioxidant biomarkers, and this improvement is even more prominent when used in combination with similar drugs, suggesting a synergistic and additive action [ 158 ].…”

Section: Anti-diabetic Drug Categories and Their Action On Oxidative ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Diabetic Therapy, Heart Failure and Oxidative Stress: An Update

Koniari

Velissaris

Kounis

et al. 2022

JCM

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are two chronic disorders that affect millions worldwide. Hyperglycemia can induce excessive generation of highly reactive free radicals that promote oxidative stress and further exacerbate diabetes progression and its complications. Vascular dysfunction and damage to cellular proteins, membrane lipids and nucleic acids can stem from overproduction and/or insufficient removal of free radicals. The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding the use of antidiabetic drugs and their role in glycemic control in patients with heart failure and oxidative stress. Metformin exerts a minor benefit to these patients. Thiazolidinediones are not recommended in diabetic patients, as they increase the risk of HF. There is a lack of robust evidence on the use of meglinitides and acarbose. Insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may have a neutral cardiovascular effect on diabetic patients. The majority of current research focuses on sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. SGLT2 inhibitors induce positive cardiovascular effects in diabetic patients, leading to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization. GLP-1 receptor agonists may also be used in HF patients, but in the case of chronic kidney disease, SLGT2 inhibitors should be preferred.

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“…Reduced exposure to ROS after stimulation of the GLP-1 receptor slows down the foam cell formation process and reduces their caspase-mediated apoptosis [ 37 ]. In confirmation of this hypothesis on oxidative stress, Lambadiari et al demonstrated how the use of GLP-1RAs is able to reduce the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), metabolites deriving from highly reactive and unstable oxidative stress products [ 38 ]. Furthermore, stimulation of the GLP-1 receptor reduces the proliferation of vessel smooth muscle cells [ 39 , 40 ] and their possible migration into the plaque and induces the stabilization of the plaque itself [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (Glp-1ras)mentioning

confidence: 99%

EVOO’s Effects on Incretin Production: Is There a Rationale for a Combination in T2DM Therapy?

Amodeo

Mirarchi

Seidita

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health concern as it is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide due to social and economic developments that have led to unhealthy lifestyles, with a considerable impact both in terms of morbidity and mortality. The management of T2DM, before starting specific therapies, includes cornerstones such as healthy eating, regular exercise and weight loss. Strict adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been related to an inverse association with the risk of T2DM onset, as well as an improvement in glycaemic control; in particular, thanks to the consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Agonists of gut-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastrointestinal hormones able to increase insulin secretion in response to hyperglycaemia (incretins), have been recently introduced in T2DM therapy, quickly entering the international guidelines. Recent studies have linked the action of EVOO in reducing postprandial glycaemia to the increase in GLP-1 and the reduction of its inactivating protease, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). In this review, we explore observations regarding the pathophysiological basis of the existence of an enhanced effect between the action of EVOO and incretins and, consequently, try to understand whether there is a rationale for their use in combination for T2DM therapy.

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Effects of a 12-Month Treatment with Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, and Their Combination on Oxidant and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 23 publications

References 70 publications

Antioxidant Roles of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Kidney

Antioxidant Roles of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Kidney

Anti-Diabetic Therapy, Heart Failure and Oxidative Stress: An Update

EVOO’s Effects on Incretin Production: Is There a Rationale for a Combination in T2DM Therapy?

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