Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Sabico, Shaun; Enani, Mushira; Sheshah, Eman; Aljohani, Naji; Aldisi, Dara; Alotaibi, Naif H.; Alshingetti, Naemah M.; Alomar, Suliman Yousef; Alnaami, Abdullah M.; Amer, Osama E.; Hussain, Syed Danish; Al-Daghri, Nasser M.

doi:10.3390/nu13072170

Cited by 157 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…We reviewed 755 articles for eligibility, 6 RCTs [14][15][16][17][18][19] comprising 551 COVID-19 patients were selected for final analysis (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were two multi-center [16,18] and four single center RCTs [14,15,17,19], one doubleblinded [16] and four registered clinical trials [14][15][16]18]. Vitamin D treatment was compared to placebo in two studies [16,17], non-vitamin control in three studies [14,15,19], and standard treatment comparator group in one study [18]. While Castillo et al [14] used calcifediol with an allocation ratio of 2:1; all other studies used cholecalciferol with an allocation ratio of 1:1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While Castillo et al [14] used calcifediol with an allocation ratio of 2:1; all other studies used cholecalciferol with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The baseline vitamin D statuses in three studies [15,17,18] were reported to be sub-optimal and one study reported a separate outcome analysis in vitamin D deficient participants [16]. The vitamin D sufficiency status, treatment doses, follow-up durations, adverse events and study limitations are detailed in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another multicenter RCT [18] randomizing 73 mild-moderate COVID-19 patients with suboptimal vitamin D status into experimental (n=36) and standard-comparator (n=33) groups receiving 5000 IU and 1000 IU of oral cholecalciferol daily for two weeks. This study though reports a significantly shorter recovery time to symptoms (even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI and D-dimer) in the intervention arm, no significant differences in ICU, mortality events and days to discharge were reported between groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of the trials reported any adverse events due to vitamin supplementation. As there are only two and three trials respectively in the years 2020 [14,17] and 2021 [15,16,18,19] including small sample sizes, this meta-analysis strongly recommends for more RCTs for better evaluating the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the evidence obtained upon completion of several ongoing trials [28] (CORONAVIT, COVITD-19, COVIDIOL, VIVID and COVIT-TRIAL) will be crucial in better determination on vitamin D in association with COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 and Vitamin D (Co-VIVID Study): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Varikasuvu

Thangappazham²,

Raj³

2021

Preprint

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Background: Vitamin D levels have been reported to be associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and mortality events.. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the use of vitamin D intervention on COVID-19 outcomes. Methods: Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases (latest search on August 5, 2021). We included RCTs reporting the use of vitamin D intervention to control/placebo group in COVID-19. Two independent researchers did literature search, abstracted data, and the risk of bias assessment. Results: A total of 6 RCTs with 551 COVID-19 patients were included. The overall collective evidence pooling all the outcomes across all RCTs indicated the beneficial use of vitamin D intervention in COVID-19 (relative risk, RR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.92, Z=2.33, p=0.02, I2 = 48%). However, no statistical significance was observed for individual outcomes of ICU care (RR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.30, Z=1.48, p=0.14, I2 = 66%) and mortality (RR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.25 to 2.40, Z=0.66, p=0.02, I2 = 33%), though decreased rates were noted. The rates of RT-CR positivity was significantly decreased in the intervention group as compared to the non-vitamin D groups (RR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.89, Z=2.31, p=0.02, I2 = 0%). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients supplemented with vitamin D are more likely to demonstrate fewer rates of ICU admission, mortality events and RT-PCR positivity. However, no statistical significance has been achieved for individual outcomes of ICU and deaths. More RCTs and completion of ongoing trials largely needed to precisely establish the association between vitamin D use and COVID-19.

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“…We reviewed 755 articles for eligibility, 6 RCTs [14][15][16][17][18][19] comprising 551 COVID-19 patients were selected for final analysis (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

COVID-19 and Vitamin D (Co-VIVID Study): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Varikasuvu

Thangappazham²,

Raj³

2021

Preprint

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The association between vitamin D intake with inflammatory and biochemical indices and mortality in critically ill patients with COVID‐19: A case‐control study

Rabbani

Ahmadzadeh

Hajipour

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Background The coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has become a worldwide health issue with widespread hospitalization and dependence on the intensive care unit (ICU). Vitamin D has a key role in modulating immune cells and modulating the inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the association of vitamin D supplementation with inflammatory, biochemical, and mortality indices in critically ill patients with COVID‐19. Methods This case‐control study was conducted on critically ill COVID‐19 patients hospitalized in the ICU including the survived >30 day patients as the case group and dead patients as the control group. The status of vitamin D supplementation and inflammatory and biochemical indices of the patients were retrieved from the medical records. Logistic regression method was used to assess the association between 30 days survival and vitamin D supplement intake. Results Compared to the group of COVID‐19 patients who died in <30 day, the survived patients had a lower eosinophile level (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 6 ± 0.0, p < .001) and higher vitamin D supplementation duration (9 ± 4.4 vs. 3.3 ± 1.9 day, p = .001). Vitamin D supplementation had a positive association with survival in COVID‐19 patients (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.15−3.40, p < .05). The association remained significant after adjustments fot age, sex, underlying diseases, and smoking. Conclusion Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 has the potential to increase survivability within the first 30 days of hospitalization.

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Clinical trials on the pharmacological treatment of long COVID: A systematic review

Chee

Fan

Young

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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The postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection (PASC), also known as post‐acute coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) or the long COVID syndrome (long COVID) is an emerging public health concern. A substantial proportion of individuals may remain symptomatic months after initial recovery. An updated review of published and ongoing trials focusing on managing long COVID will help identify gaps and address the unmet needs of patients suffering from this potentially debilitating syndrome. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the international databases and clinical trial registries from inception to 31 July 2022. This review included 6 published trials and 54 trial registration records. There is significant heterogeneity in the characterization of long COVID and ascertainment of primary outcomes. Most of the trials are focused on individual symptoms of long COVID or isolated organ dysfunction, classified according to cardiovascular, respiratory and functional capacity, neurological and psychological, fatigue, and olfactory dysfunction. Most of the interventions are related to the mechanisms causing the individual symptoms. Although the six published trials showed significant improvement in the symptoms or organ dysfunction studied, these initial studies lack internal and external validity limiting the generalizability. This review provides an update of the pharmacological agents that could be used to treat long COVID. Further standardization of the diagnostic criteria, inclusion of participants with concomitant chronic cardiometabolic diseases and standardization of outcomes will be essential in future clinical trials.

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Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Cited by 157 publications

References 48 publications

COVID-19 and Vitamin D (Co-VIVID Study): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

COVID-19 and Vitamin D (Co-VIVID Study): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The association between vitamin D intake with inflammatory and biochemical indices and mortality in critically ill patients with COVID‐19: A case‐control study

Clinical trials on the pharmacological treatment of long COVID: A systematic review

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