Effects of a blend of essential oils and exogenous α-amylase in diets containing different roughage sources for finishing beef cattle

Toseti, Laura B; Goulart, Rodrigo Silva; Gouvêa, Vinícius N; Acedo, Tiago S; Vasconcellos, Guilherme S; Pires, Alexandre Vaz; Leme, Paulo Roberto; Netto, Arlindo Saran; Silva, Saulo da Luz e

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114643

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Velasco (2004) reported that exogenous α-amylases added at 2, 4, and 6 g/kg of the substrate (sorghum grain) were effective in improving IVDMD after 6 and 12 h; however, no effects were observed after 24 and 48 h. Similarly, Mora-Jaimes et al (2002) reported greater IVSD from sorghum grain treated with α-amylase from B. licheniformis compared with control. Several in vivo studies have shown potential of exogenous α-amylase in improving productivity of dairy and beef cattle ( Tricarico et al, 2005 ; Harrison and Tricarico, 2007 ; Klingerman et al, 2009 ; Gencoglu et al, 2010 ; Meschiatti et al, 2019 ; Toseti et al, 2020 ). In addition, α-amylase may improve animal productivity by increasing NDF digestibility regardless of its effects on starch degradability ( Bowman et al, 2002 ; Gencoglu et al, 2010 ) suggesting that enzymes may promote the growth of fiber degrading bacteria ( Vargas-Rodriguez et al, 2014 ) or that enzyme preparations may include fiber- and protein-degrading along with starch-degrading activities ( Adesogan et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exogenous enzymes have been explored as alternatives associated with physical processing of corn in dairy and beef diets. Several studies have reported positive effects of α-amylase supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal and total tract starch digestibility, feed efficiency, milk and meat production ( Tricarico et al, 2005 ; Harrison and Tricarico, 2007 ; Klingerman et al, 2009 ; Meschiatti et al, 2019 ; Toseti et al, 2020 ), although inconsistencies across trials have been observed ( Ferraretto et al, 2011 ; Weiss et al 2011 ; DiLorenzo et al, 2011 ). Similarly, exogenous proteases or blends of enzymes containing proteases have been evaluated as feed additives in total mixed ration (TMR) of both dairy and beef cows; however, studies have reported greater ( Eun and Beauchemin, 2005 ; Gado et al, 2009 ) or no effect ( Vera et al, 2012 ; Meschiatti et al, 2019 ) on animal performance when compared with control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of exogenous α-amylases, glucoamylases, and proteases on ruminal in vitro dry matter and starch digestibility, gas production, and volatile fatty acids of mature dent corn grain

Amaro

Kim

Agarussi

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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Two separate experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of incremental doses of 10 exogenous endo-acting α-amylase and exo-acting glucoamylase; 1LAT (bacterial α-amylase), 2AK, 3AC, 4Cs4, 5Trga, 6Afuga, 7Fvga, and 10Tg (fungal α-amylases, glucoamylases and α-glucosidase), 8Star and 9Syn (fungal amylase-mixtures; Exp. 1) and 3 exogenous proteases; 11P14L, 12P7L, and 13P30L (bacterial proteases; Exp. 2) on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) of mature dent corn grain using a batch culture system. Incremental doses of the exogenous enzymes (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mg/g of dried substrate) were applied directly to the substrate (0.5 g of ground corn, 4 mm) in sextuplicate (Exp. 1) or quadruplicate (Exp. 2) within F57 filter bags, which were incubated at 39°C in buffered rumen fluid for 7 h. Rumen fluid was collected 2-3 h after the morning feeding from 3 lactating dairy cows and pooled. Cows were consuming a mid-lactation total mixed ration (TMR; 1.60 Mcal/kg DM and 15.4%; net energy of lactation and crude protein, respectively). Three independent runs were carried out for each experiment. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using run as the blocking factor. Dose was used as a fixed factor while run was considered a random factor. Linear, quadratic, and cubic orthogonal contrasts were also tested. In Exp. 1, enzymes 2AK, 3AC and 10Tg did not increase (P > 0.10) IVDMD and IVSD, whereas 0.25 mg of enzymes 1LAT, 5Trga and 8Star increased (P < 0.01) IVDMD by 23, 47 and 62% and IVSD by 35, 41 and 58%, respectively, compared with the control. Enzymes 4Cs4, 6Afuga, 7Fvga and 9Syn linearly increased IVDMD and IVSD (P < 0.01). Greatest increases in IVDMD (82.9%) and IVSD (85.9%) resulted with 1 mg of 6Afuga compared to control. In Exp. 2, the lowest dose of exogenous proteases 11P14L and 12P7L increased (P < 0.01) IVDMD by 98 and 87% and IVSD by 57 and 64%, respectively, whereas the highest dose of 13P30L increased (P = 0.02) IVDMD by 44.8% and IVSD by 30%, relative to the control. In conclusion, IVSD and IVDMD were increased by one α-amylase, certain glucoamylases and all proteases tested, with the glucoamylase 6Afuga in Exp. 1 and the neutral protease12P7L in Exp. 2, increasing IVDMD and IVSD to the greater extents. Future in vivo studies are required to validate these findings before these enzyme additives can be recommended for improving the digestibility of mature dent corn grain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exogenous α-amylases, glucoamylases, and proteases on ruminal in vitro dry matter and starch digestibility, gas production, and volatile fatty acids of mature dent corn grain

Amaro

Kim

Agarussi

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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“…O uso da associação entre a monensina e o OEs não faz sentido no atual contexto que busca a redução do uso de ionóforos com ação antibiótica e a utilização de enzimas não difere das respostas promovidas pelo uso de OEs. Toseti et al (2020) também avaliaram em um estudo com arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 o desempenho de 88 novilhos Nelore terminados com duas fontes de volumoso (silagem de milho ou bagaço de cana-deaçúcar) combinados ao uso de monensina de sódio (26 mg/kg de MS) ou a combinação de uma mistura de óleos essenciais (timol, eugenol, vanilina e limoneno) + α-amilase exógena (90 e 560 mg de produto comercial/kg MS, respectivamente). Os animais foram adaptados com inclusão crescente de concentrado por 21 dias e alimentados com dietas de terminação com alto concentrado (90%) por 87 dias.…”

Section: Efeito Da Substituição De Monensina Por Oes No Desempenho De Bovinos Confinadosunclassified

Effect of the use of essential oils on the performance of confined beef cattle

Menezes¹,

Oliveira²,

Sousa³

et al. 2021

Pubvet

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Ionóforos são antibióticos amplamente utilizados nas composições de dietas de ruminantes, com o objetivo de diminuir o consumo de matéria seca e aumentar a eficiência alimentar, dificultando o desenvolvimento da acidose ruminal e gerando melhor aproveitamento de nutrientes, por ação principalmente sobre as bactérias gram- positivas. Entretanto, essa utilização é uma preocupação pelo surgimento de resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos, que reflete na medicina humana. Meio a situação, surgem estudos com os óleos essenciais (OEs) que buscam a substituição dos antibióticos, promovendo efeitos similares, devido suas propriedades antimicrobianas, similares às funções dos ionóforos. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os resultados da comparação entre os dois aditivos na dieta. O efeito dos OEs variam de acordo com sua fonte, podendo causar diferentes impactos no consumo de alimentos pelo animal, porém estudos realizados concluíram que independente da dosagem e da fonte os óleos provocam resultado positivo no ganho médio diário (GMD), levando a eficiência alimentar (EA) a não sofrer impactos pelo aumento do consumo de matéria seca (CMS). Colocando- se os OEs em substituição à monensina, a observação do aumento do CMS se mantém, porém não são observadas alterações no GMD, também é notado um aumento na incidência de abcessos hepáticos o que gera a necessidade de novos estudos para compreensão. O fornecimento dos OEs na alimentação terá repercussão similar a monensina (principal ionóforo utilizado), porém com um maior CMS.

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“…It acts bacteriostatically on Gram-positive ruminal bacteria but may leave residues in products of animal origin and result in microbial resistance 6 . Alternative additives have shown the potential to replace monensin, such as blends of essential oils associated with the exogenous enzyme α-amylase, which has led to demonstrable gains in performance and carcass weight, in addition to reducing hepatic abscesses and fecal starch in animals with high-starch diets 7 – 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedlot diets containing different starch levels and additives change the cecal proteome involved in cattle’s energy metabolism and inflammatory response

Rocha

Assunção

Martins

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Diets for feedlot cattle must be a higher energy density, entailing high fermentable carbohydrate content. Feed additives are needed to reduce possible metabolic disorders. This study aimed to analyze the post-rumen effects of different levels of starch (25%, 35%, and 45%) and additives (monensin or a blend of essential oils and exogenous α-amylase) in diets for Nellore feedlot cattle. The cecum tissue proteome was analyzed via two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and then differentially expressed protein spots were identified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The use of blends of essential oils associated with α-amylase as a feed additive promoted the upregulation of enzymes such as triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate mutase, alpha-enolase, beta-enolase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), l-lactate dehydrogenase B, l-lactate dehydrogenase A chain, l-lactate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthase subunit beta, which promote the degradation of carbohydrates in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways and oxidative phosphorylation, support pyruvate metabolism through the synthesis of lactate from pyruvate, and participate in the electron transport chain, producing ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The absence of proteins related to inflammation processes (leukocyte elastase inhibitors) in the cecum tissues of animals fed essential oils and amylase may be because feed enzymes can remain active in the intestine and aid in the digestion of nutrients that escape rumen fermentation; conversely, the effect of monensin is more evident in the rumen and less than 10% results in post-ruminal action, corroborating the hypothesis that ionophore antibiotics have a limited effect on the microbiota and intestinal fermentation of ruminants. However, the increase in starch in these diets promoted a downregulation of enzymes linked to carbohydrate degradation, probably caused by damage to the cecum epithelium due to increased responses linked to inflammatory injuries.

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Effects of a blend of essential oils and exogenous α-amylase in diets containing different roughage sources for finishing beef cattle

Cited by 23 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of exogenous α-amylases, glucoamylases, and proteases on ruminal in vitro dry matter and starch digestibility, gas production, and volatile fatty acids of mature dent corn grain

Effects of exogenous α-amylases, glucoamylases, and proteases on ruminal in vitro dry matter and starch digestibility, gas production, and volatile fatty acids of mature dent corn grain

Effect of the use of essential oils on the performance of confined beef cattle

Feedlot diets containing different starch levels and additives change the cecal proteome involved in cattle’s energy metabolism and inflammatory response

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