Effects of a Chlorhexidine Gluconate-Containing Mouthwash on the Vitality and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of In Vitro Oral Bacterial Ecosystems

McBain, Andrew J.; Bartolo, Robert G.; Catrenich, Carl E.; Charbonneau, Duane; Ledder, Ruth G.; Gilbert, Peter

doi:10.1128/aem.69.8.4770-4776.2003

Cited by 119 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Effects of QAC exposure on biofilm communities were then investigated with a drain biofilm microcosm previously characterized and validated for stability and utility (27). These microcosms have previously been used to model the effects of TCS exposure in the home (28) and of biocide exposure of dental plaque communities (29,30). Differential plate counts and culture-independent methods (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE]), in conjunction with sequencing (31), were used to characterize the developed communities and the effects of QD exposure therein.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Quaternary-Ammonium-Based Formulations on Bacterial Community Dynamics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

McBain

Ledder

Moore

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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167

130

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Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used as adjuncts to hygiene in domestic cleaning products. Current concern that the increased use of such biocides in consumer products might contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance has led us to examine the effects of a QAC-containing domestic cleaning fluid on the population dynamics and antimicrobial susceptibility of domestic sink drain biofilm communities. QAC susceptibilities of numerically dominant, culturable drain bacteria (15 genera, 17 species) were determined in vitro before and after repeated QAC exposure (14 passages). A fully characterized drain microcosm was then exposed to short-term (12 days) and long-term (3 months) dosing with a QAC-containing domestic detergent (QD). QAC exposure of isolated cultures caused both increases (three species) and circa twofold decreases (six species) in QAC susceptibility. The susceptibility of Ralstonia sp. was considerably decreased following 14 consecutive QAC passages. Control drain microcosm biofilms maintained dynamic stability, as evidenced by culture and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Bacterial population densities were largely unaffected during short-term exposure to use levels of QD, although 50% QD caused circa 10-fold viability reductions. DGGE analysis supported these observations; identified the major microcosm genera as Pseudomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Erwinia, and Enterobacter, and showed that aeromonads increased in abundance under 10 to 50% QD. Long-term exposure of the microcosms to QD did not significantly alter the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility. These data demonstrate the recalcitrance of domestic drain biofilms toward QAC and that although repeated QAC exposure of drain isolates in pure culture results in susceptibility change in some test bacteria, such changes do not necessarily occur within complex communities.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Quaternary-Ammonium-Based Formulations on Bacterial Community Dynamics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

McBain

Ledder

Moore

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

167

130

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“…CHX cationic nature allows it to bind to the tooth surface and oral mucosa that inhibits the formation of dental plaque and prevent gingivitis. Rinse using CHX for 5 days can reduce the number of S. mutans between 30-50% and the repeated use of mouthwash that can lead to changes in the oral flora ecosystem (McBain et al, 2003). Distilled water is used for negative control or solvent in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) serum against plaque bacteria

Handajani¹,

Narissi²,

Azis³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Dental caries is an infectious disease caused by plaque bacteria, especially Streptoccus mutans. Many studies were conducted to develop methods or material for dental caries prevention. It was using passive immunization that will produce specific antibodies. Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is antibody in the serum and egg yolk. This study aimed to determine the effect of IgY serum against the growth of dental plaque bacterial in vitro. In the long term, it is expected IgY specific S. mutans can be as one of material could prevent dental caries topically. Immunization in the chicken was performed using S. mutans antigen. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) specific S. mutans was collected from blood serum of Hysex Brown chicken. Antibacterial effect of IgY serum on the growth of bacteria that cause dental plaque (Streptococcus alpha, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. mutans) was done using diffusion method. Sample was performed on 10 plate each bacteria. Data inhibition zone were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD. There was no inhibition zone of IgY serum on the growth of S. alpha and S. aureus while positive results obtained against S. mutans. Inhibition zone increased according increasing the concentration of IgY. ANOVA test showed significant differences the effect of concentration IgY serum on the inhibition zones of S. mutans (p <0.05). A significant difference (p<0.05) from the LSD was obtained in the comparison between the concentration of IgY, IgY serum and controls. In conclusion, IgY serum that immunized S. mutans has antibacterial effect against S. mutans only.

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“…The temperature in mouth is in the range of 36.8°C, whereas during the infection increases up to 38.5°C. This is a factor which would increase the temperature of chlorhexidine applied in the form of lozenges (6). The crucial parameter in the formulation of a tablet with chlorhexidine would be the concentration of the drug in the oral cavity during the application of the lozenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Modified Flow-Through Cell Apparatus for the Assessment of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride Release from Lozenges Containing Sorbitol

Musiał

Mielck

2009

AAPS PharmSciTech

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Abstract. The objective of this work was to apply a new apparatus for the assay of the drug release from lozenge tablet with a potential use in the treatment of oral candidosis and another conditions connected to microbial etiopathology in the oral cavity or as an antiplaque factor. Also, an approach to comparison of the applied method with the classical paddle apparatus method was performed. Tablets containing chlorhexidine dihydrochloride were formulated with granulated sorbitol of different grades (diameter of 110, 180, 480, and 650 μm, respectively), lactose, and magnesium stearate as excipients. Tablets were obtained through direct compression, and uniformity of weight, friability, breaking strength, disintegration, and release rate were evaluated. The disintegration times ranged between 10 and 21 min. In the next stage of the study, the release of chlorhexidine from lozenges prepared with granulated sorbitol grade 110 μm and different amounts of lactose and magnesium stearate was assessed. Two stages were observed during the release of chlorhexidine dihydrochloride from the lozenges, assayed by the classical paddle apparatus method II USP. In the first stage, release rates were between 2.6×10 −2 and 4.7×10, in the second stage between 1.7×10 −3 and 7.7×10. In the case of the in-house method, the release was near to first-order kinetics through the entire release experiment, with rate constants between 3.6×10 −2 and 6.6×10 −2 min −1 . The sorbitol granulate of granules with diameter 110 μm was found to be most suitable for the lozenges with chlorhexidine dihydrochloride and lactose. The in-house release method, proposed in this work, seems to be more realistic for the preliminary assessment of predicted drug concentrations in the oral cavity after the intake of a lozenge.

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Effects of a Chlorhexidine Gluconate-Containing Mouthwash on the Vitality and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of In Vitro Oral Bacterial Ecosystems

Cited by 119 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of Quaternary-Ammonium-Based Formulations on Bacterial Community Dynamics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Effects of Quaternary-Ammonium-Based Formulations on Bacterial Community Dynamics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Effects of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) serum against plaque bacteria

The Application of Modified Flow-Through Cell Apparatus for the Assessment of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride Release from Lozenges Containing Sorbitol

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