Effects of a combined protein and antioxidant supplement on recovery of muscle function and soreness following eccentric exercise

Ives, Stephen J.; Bloom, Samuel I.; Matias, Alexs A.; Morrow, Noelle; Martins, Natalya; Roh, Yookee; Ebenstein, Daniel; O’Brien, Gabriel; Escudero, Daniela; Brito, Kevin; Glickman, Leah; Connelly, Scott; Arciero, Paul J.

doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0179-6

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Dietary controls are a further factor worthy of consideration. Several of the reviewed studies incorporated some element of dietary polyphenol restriction [ 11 , 64 , 67 , 80 , 82 , 107 , 120 , 136 ], in attempts to reduce the background noise that may be introduced by variation in dietary polyphenol intake, but which may also maximise the effects produced by polyphenol supplementation. Habitual polyphenol intake is difficult to accurately quantify, since despite our knowledge that polyphenol content of foods will be highly variable, reliance on standard values is required ( http://phenol-explorer.eu/ is an excellent resource for this purpose).…”

Section: Methodological Limitations and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

2019

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Polyphenols are characterised structurally by two or more hydroxyl groups attached to one or more benzene rings, and provide the taste and colour characteristics of fruits and vegetables. They are radical scavengers and metal chelators, but due to their low concentration in biological fluids in vivo their antioxidant properties seem to be related to enhanced endogenous antioxidant capacity induced via signalling through the Nrf2 pathway. Polyphenols also seem to possess anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to enhance vascular function via nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. As a consequence, there is a rationale for supplementation with fruit-derived polyphenols both to enhance exercise performance, since excess reactive oxygen species generation has been implicated in fatigue development, and to enhance recovery from muscle damage induced by intensive exercise due to the involvement of inflammation and oxidative damage within muscle. Current evidence would suggest that acute supplementation with ~ 300 mg polyphenols 1–2 h prior to exercise may enhance exercise capacity and/or performance during endurance and repeated sprint exercise via antioxidant and vascular mechanisms. However, only a small number of studies have been performed to date, some with methodological limitations, and more research is needed to confirm these findings. A larger body of evidence suggests that supplementation with > 1000 mg polyphenols per day for 3 or more days prior to and following exercise will enhance recovery following muscle damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The many remaining unanswered questions within the field of polyphenol research and exercise performance and recovery are highlighted within this review article.

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Section: Methodological Limitations and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

2019

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“…Such vigorous-intensity exercise may lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) [ 3 ]. Symptoms of EIMD include pain, swelling, muscle strength and power loss, reduced range of motion (ROM), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and impaired recovery [ 4 , 5 ]; resulting in impairment of exercise performance [ 6 ]. Functionally, muscle strength is reduced by ~ 20 to 50% immediately and post-exercise can take between 2 to 7 days to fully recover [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage

Kyriakidou

Wood

Ferrier

et al. 2021

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) results in transient muscle inflammation, strength loss, muscle soreness and may cause subsequent exercise avoidance. Omega-3 (n-3) supplementation may minimise EIMD via its anti-inflammatory properties, however, its efficacy remains unclear. Methods Healthy males (n = 14, 25.07 ± 4.05 years) were randomised to 3 g/day n-3 supplementation (N-3, n = 7) or placebo (PLA, n = 7). Following 4 weeks supplementation, a downhill running protocol (60 min, 65% V̇O2max, − 10% gradient) was performed. Creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, perceived muscle soreness, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and peak power were quantified pre, post, and 24, 48 and 72 h post-EIMD. Results Muscle soreness was significantly lower in N-3 vs PLA group at 24 h post-EIMD (p = 0.034). IL-6 was increased in PLA (p = 0.009) but not in N-3 (p = 0.434) following EIMD, however, no significant differences were noted between groups. Peak power was significantly suppressed in PLA relative to pre-EIMD but not in N-3 group at 24 h post-EIMD. However, no significant difference in peak power output was observed between groups. MVIC, CK and TNF-α were altered by EIMD but did not differ between groups. Conclusion N-3 supplementation for 4 weeks may successfully attenuate minor aspects of EIMD. Whilst not improving performance, these findings may have relevance to soreness-associated exercise avoidance.

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“…The recommended daily intake for adult women is 75 mg and for adult men is 90 mg. Supplementing vitamin C in the diet to higher levels is suggested to provide antioxidant protection against oxidative stress. Antioxidant supplements are suggested to attenuate injury resulting from strenuous resistance exercise [8] and some reports claim that this approach can also improve exercise performance [9, 10]. Our previous work demonstrated that supplementation of ascorbic acid prior to exercise of moderate intensity over 3 months was associated with minor and inconsistent reductions in circulating superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase activities [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers in healthy women following a single bout of exercise

Yimcharoen

Kittikunnathum

Suknikorn

et al. 2019

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundAscorbic acid is a water-soluble chain breaking antioxidant. It scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during metabolic pathways. Exercise can produce an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress-related tissue damages. This study was designed to determine the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress and muscle damage following a single bout of exercise.MethodsIn a crossover design with a 1 wk. wash-out period, 19 healthy women performed 30 min moderate-intensity cycling after ingesting 1000 mg of ascorbic acid (AA) or placebo. Blood samples were taken immediately before, immediately after and 30 min post-exercise to determine plasma albumin, total protein, glucose, oxidative stress and muscle damage markers.ResultsPlasma albumin and total protein levels increased immediately after exercise in placebo alongside slight reductions in glucose (p = 0.001). These effects were absent in AA cohort. Ferric reducing ability of plasma and vitamin C levels in AA cohort significantly increased after exercise (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly elevated after exercise (p = 0.002) in placebo but not AA. Plasma malondialdehyde did not change after exercise in placebo but was significantly decreased in AA (p < 0.05). The exercise protocol promoted slight muscle damage, reflected in significant increases in total creatine kinase in all subjects after exercise. On the other hand, plasma C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase remained unchanged.ConclusionSupplementation with ascorbic acid prior exercise improves antioxidant power but does not prevent muscle damage.

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Effects of a combined protein and antioxidant supplement on recovery of muscle function and soreness following eccentric exercise

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

The effect of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage

Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers in healthy women following a single bout of exercise

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