Effects of a Community-Level Intervention on Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes in California Cities: A Randomized Trial

Saltz, Robert F.; Paschall, Mallie J.; O’Hara, Sharon E.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.009

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For that reason, longer checkpoints will theoretically have stronger effects than shorter checkpoints, although we did not detect such an association. It is possible that other checkpoint features not assessed here, such as accompanying advertising (e.g., marketing blitzes), are more important contributors to checkpoint effectiveness than the precise size and duration of each site (Saltz et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol‐involved motor vehicle crashes and the size and duration of random breath testing checkpoints

Morrison

Kwizera

Chen

et al. 2021

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Sobriety checkpoints have strong empirical and theoretical support as an intervention to reduce alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes. The purpose of this study was to examine whether checkpoint size (the number of police officers) and checkpoint duration (the amount of time in operation) affect associations between individual checkpoints and subsequent alcohol-related crash incidence.Method: Queensland Police Service provided latitude-longitude coordinates and date and time data for all breath tests that occurred in Brisbane, Australia, from January 2012 to June 2018. We applied hierarchical cluster analysis to the latitude-longitude coordinates for breath tests, identifying checkpoints as clusters of ≥25 breath tests conducted by ≥3 breath testing devices over a duration of 3 to 8 hours. Generalized linear autoregressive moving average (GLARMA) models related counts of alcoholinvolved motor vehicle crashes to the number of checkpoints conducted per week, as well as 1 week prior and 2 weeks prior.Results: A total of 3420 alcohol-related crashes occurred and 2069 checkpoints were conducted in Brisbane over the 6.5-year (339-week) study period. On average, checkpoints included a mean of 266.0 breath tests (SD = 216.3), 16.4 devices (SD = 13.7), and were 286.3 minutes in duration (SD = 104.2). Each 10 additional checkpoints were associated with a 12% decrease in crash incidence at a lag of 1 week (IRR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.80, 0.97). We detected no differential associations according to checkpoint size or duration.Conclusions: Sobriety checkpoints are associated with fewer alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes for around 1 week. Checkpoint size and duration do not appear to affect this relationship.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol‐involved motor vehicle crashes and the size and duration of random breath testing checkpoints

Morrison

Kwizera

Chen

et al. 2021

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Eleven studies included drink driving enforcement activities only, such as RBTs, sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols, drink driving arrests or a combination of these [19,21,22,26,27,[29][30][31][32][33]36]. An additional seven studies examined the effect of drink driving enforcement coordinated with publicity activities to increase the visibility of the enforcement [17,18,20,24,25,28,34]. One of these was an evaluation of high-visibility drink-driving enforcement demonstration projects in seven US states [25].…”

Section: Types Of Policy Enforcement Activities Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drink driving-related outcomes of interest varied among the studies, with some studies using more than one outcome (n = 5). Studies that focused on alcohol-related traffic crashes (ARTC) as the primary outcome of interest (n = 13) used various measures, including single-vehicle night-time crashes [20,23,24,26,34], number of crashes in which at least one victim was injured and required medical treatment, or in which there was more than $1000 (USD) of property damage [33], crash rate calculated as total driving under the influence (DUI)-related crashes among licensed drivers (multiplied by 1000) [29], alcohol-related fatalities [22,25,36], rate of crashes associated with alcohol-positive driving [21] and crash rates involving at least one driver with a BAC of 0.05 g/ml or greater [19,30].…”

Section: Outcomes Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results for the 10 studies [17,18,20,21,25,28,[31][32][33][34] that used DUI sobriety checkpoints indicate significant variation in the measurement of dosage for this type of enforcement. For example, some studies used the frequency of checkpoints to measure dosage, others used the number of checkpoints, and some used both frequency and number.…”

Section: Study Findings Grouped By Enforcement Type 1 Sobriety Checkp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determining a dosage threshold of drink‐driving enforcement operations: A systematic review

O’Hara

Paschall

Herd

2022

Drug and Alcohol Review

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Issues: Policy enforcement is crucial to achieve impacts on alcohol-related harm.It is not clear what level of enforcement intensity or 'dosage' is necessary for addressing drink driving and related harms. Given competing enforcement demands and agencies' resource constraints, understanding how much enforcement is sufficient to deter drink driving is critical. Approach: This systematic literature review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines to examine research about dosage effects of enforcement and related visibility on drinkdriving outcomes, including motor vehicle crashes and fatalities. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Effective Practice and Organization of Care tool and the JBI checklist.

show abstract

“…Consistent with general deterrence theory, several systematic reviews of observational studies have found sobriety checkpoints to be associated with decreased incidence of alcohol‐impaired driving and alcohol‐involved crashing [13–16]. Two cluster RCT that test the combined impacts of sobriety checkpoints and other universal prevention strategies provide supporting experimental evidence for their effectiveness [17,18]. Given the consistency and strength of these findings, research on sobriety checkpoints can now move from intervention science (which tests whether an intervention is effective) to implementation science (which tests how an intervention is most effective) [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geography of sobriety checkpoints and alcohol‐impaired driving

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aims Sobriety checkpoints are an effective strategy to reduce alcohol‐impaired driving, motor vehicle crashes, injuries and fatalities. The aim of this study was to identify the geographic extent over which individual sobriety checkpoints affect alcohol‐impaired driving. Design, Setting, Participants Spatial ecological panel analysis using geolocated breath test data from the Queensland Police Service, Australia, for January 2012 to June 2018. Data were aggregated over 338 weeks within 528 Statistical Area level 2 (SA2) units (n = 178 464 SA2‐weeks) and 84 Statistical Area level 3 (SA3) units (n = 28 392 SA3‐weeks). SA2 units in Queensland contain a mean population of 8883.5 (SD = 55 018.3) and encompass 468.9 roadway kilometers (SD = 1490.0); SA3 units contain a mean population of 57 201.6 (SD = 29521.6) and encompass 2936.0 roadway kilometers (SD = 7025.0). Measurements Independent measures were the density of sobriety checkpoints conducted per 500 roadway kilometers within local and spatially adjacent space–time units. The dependent measure was the rate of tests that detected breath alcohol concentration (a proxy for blood alcohol concentration [BAC]) greater than the legal maximum value of 0.05% for fully licensed drivers in Queensland. Bayesian hierarchical spatial negative binomial models‐related sobriety checkpoints to the rate of breath tests with BAC ≥ 0.05% within and between space–time units. Findings One additional sobriety checkpoint conducted per 500 roadway kilometers was associated with 2.5% reduction in the rate of breath tests with BAC ≥ 0.05% within local SA2 units (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.975; 95% credibility interval (CrI): 0.973–0.978), and with 5.5% reduction in the rate of breath tests with BAC ≥ 0.05% within local SA3 units (IRR = 0.945; 95%CrI: 0.937–0.953). Associations were attenuated towards null in spatially adjacent units and in temporally lagged units (e.g. SA3‐weeks; adjacent lagged 1 week: IRR = 0.969; 95%CrI: 0.937–1.003). Conclusions Individual sobriety checkpoints appear to be associated with reductions in nearby alcohol‐impaired driving. Relationships decay after approximately 1 week and beyond local areas containing approximately 60 000 residents and 3000 kilometers of roadway.

show abstract

Effects of a Community-Level Intervention on Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes in California Cities: A Randomized Trial

Abstract: Introduction: This trial assesses the effects of a community-level alcohol prevention intervention in California on alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes.

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Alcohol‐involved motor vehicle crashes and the size and duration of random breath testing checkpoints

Alcohol‐involved motor vehicle crashes and the size and duration of random breath testing checkpoints

Determining a dosage threshold of drink‐driving enforcement operations: A systematic review

The geography of sobriety checkpoints and alcohol‐impaired driving

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About