Effects of a convenience drink fortified with<i>n</i>-3 fatty acids on the<i>n</i>-3 index

Köhler, Anton; Bittner, Daniel O.; Low, A. G.; Schacky, Clemens von

doi:10.1017/s0007114510001054

Cited by 74 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A lower bioavailability translates into a lower biological activity . Moreover, large differences exist in absorption of EPA + DHA from individual to individual, even if an identical dose of a chemical form is taken in an identical matrix, in this case 940 mg EPA + DHA from salmon oil (triglyceride) in 200 ml of a drink www.frontiersin.org (Köhler et al, 2010). Both phenomena impact negatively on the differentiation between intervention and control groups in terms of dose of EPA + DHA absorbed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 fatty acids: antiarrhythmic, proarrhythmic or both?

Schacky¹

2008

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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This review focuses on developments after 2008, when the topic was last reviewed by the author. Pertinent publications were found by medline searches and in the author's personal data base. Prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) was investigated in a number of trials, sparked by one positive report on the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), considerations of upstream therapy, data from electrophysiologic laboratories and animal experiments. If EPA + DHA prevent postoperative AF, the effect is probably smaller than initially expected. The same is probably true for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion and for new-onset AF. Larger trials are currently ongoing. Prevention of ventricular arrhythmias was studied in carriers of an implanted cardioverterdefibrillator, with no clear results. This might have been due to a broad definition of the primary endpoint, including any ventricular arrhythmia and any action of the device. Epidemiologic studies support the contention that high levels of EPA + DHA prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, since SCD is a rare occurrence, it is difficult to conduct an adequately powered trial. In patients with congestive heart failure, EPA + DHA reduced total mortality and rehospitalizations, but not SCD or presumed arrhythmic death. Of three trials in patients after a myocardial infarction, two were inadequately powered, and in one, the dose might have been too low. Taken together, while epidemiologic studies support an inverse relation between EPA + DHA and occurrence of SCD or arrhythmic death, demonstrating this effect in intervention trials remained elusive so far. A pro-arrhythmic effect of EPA + DHA has not been seen in intervention studies, and results of epidemiologic and animal studies also rather argue against such an effect. A different, and probably more productive, perspective is provided by a standardized analytical assessment of a person's status in EPA + DHA by use of the omega-3 index, EPA + DHA in red cell fatty acids. In populations with a high omega-3 index, SCD is rare. Intervention trials can become more effective by including a low omega-3 index into the inclusion criteria, thus creating a study population more likely to demonstrate an effect of EPA + DHA. This is especially relevant in case of rare endpoints, like new-onset AF or SCD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 fatty acids: antiarrhythmic, proarrhythmic or both?

Schacky¹

2008

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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“…Erythrocyte fatty acid composition was analyzed according to the HS-Omega-3 Index(R) methodology as previously described [27]. Fatty acid methyl esters were generated from erythrocytes by acid transesterification and analyzed by gas chromatography using a GC2010 Gas Chromatograph (Shimadzu, Duisburg, Germany) equipped with a SP2560, 100-meter column (Supelco, Bellefonte, Pa., USA) using hydrogen as carrier gas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with a Low Omega-3 Index in the Elderly: Results from the KORA-Age Study

Lukaschek

Schacky

Kruse

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may affect the risk of cognitive decline in older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 720 (50.4% women) participants aged 68-92 years (mean age: 77.6, SD ±6.2) of the population-based KORA-Age study. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3 index) were measured in erythrocytes as a percentage of total fatty acids. The categories low (<5.7), intermediate (5.7-6.8), and high (>6.8) levels of the omega-3 index were built using tertiles. The association between cognitive status and omega-3 levels was assessed by logistic regression analyses with adjustments for important concurrent risk factors of cognitive decline. Results: In the sex- and age-adjusted model (model 1), subjects with a low omega-3 index were at a significantly higher risk for cognitive impairment (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.15-2.73, p = 0.009). This association remained stable after further adjusting for educational level (model 2; OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.13-2.71, p = 0.01) and metabolic risk factors (model 3; OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.14-2.75, p = 0.01). After further controlling for affective disorders (model 4), the association did not attenuate (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.14-2.76, p = 0.01). Conclusion: A robust association was found between low omega-3 levels and cognitive impairment in an elderly population. Further research is needed to understand the link between omega-3 PUFA and cognitive functioning.

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“…In our laboratory, we have standardized all stages of the analytical procedure and used them in a variety of published studies [20, 25••, 26, 27]. An identical methodology is in place at laboratories in Munich [28] and Seoul [13].…”

Section: Analytical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Omega-3 Index: Clinical Utility for Therapeutic Intervention

Harris

2010

Curr Cardiol Rep

118

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Red blood cell levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are a reflection of tissue levels and are determined by a complex interplay of metabolism and nutrition. Low levels of EPA+DHA in erythrocytes are associated with increased risk for sudden cardiac death. If levels of EPA+DHA in erythrocytes are determined using a strictly defined and standardized method, then the clinical significance of differing levels (previously defined in major research studies using this methodology) may be understood and applied in patient care. The Omega-3 Index, which is the EPA+DHA content of erythrocytes expressed as a percent of total identified fatty acids, was originally suggested as a marker of increased risk for death from coronary heart disease, but it can also be viewed as an actual risk factor, playing a pathophysiologic role in the disease. Optimal levels appear to be 8% or greater. At this stage of its development, the Omega-3 Index appears to fulfill many of the requirements for both a risk marker and a risk factor. Using the Omega-3 Index in the design of clinical studies might allow for a more efficient use of research resources.

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Effects of a convenience drink fortified withn-3 fatty acids on then-3 index

Cited by 74 publications

References 35 publications

Omega-3 fatty acids: antiarrhythmic, proarrhythmic or both?

Omega-3 fatty acids: antiarrhythmic, proarrhythmic or both?

Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with a Low Omega-3 Index in the Elderly: Results from the KORA-Age Study

The Omega-3 Index: Clinical Utility for Therapeutic Intervention

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