Effects of a cypermethrin-based pesticide on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Cyperkill 25 EC (a.i. cypermethrin 250 g/l) on cumulative mortality, growth indices, and ontogenetic development of embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). An early-life stage toxicity test was used. Liver, intestine, kidneys, and gills of surviving larvae were examined, and the activity of the detoxifying and antioxidative enzymes glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was determined. Eggs of common carp 24 h post-fertilisation were exposed for 35 days to Cyperkill 25 EC at concentrations of 7.2, 36, 72, 144, and 360 μg/l containing the active ingredient cypermethrin at concentrations of 1.8, 9, 18, 36, and 90 μg/l, respectively. All larvae exposed to concentrations higher than 144 μg/l showed signs of damage after five days and died in the next two days; at concentrations of 72 and 36 μg/l total mortality was observed several days after hatching. Larvae exposed to 7.2 μg/l survived to the end of the test but showed significantly lower growth (P < 0.01) and retarded ontogenetic development compared to controls. Examination of these larvae did not reveal histological changes. Activity of GST, GR, and GPx in the exposed group was significantly lower (P < 0.01), while CAT and TBARS did not show significant differences from controls. Exposure to Cyperkill 25 EC affected hatching and survival at tested concentrations above 7.2 μg/l. Alterations in oxidative stress parameters and retarded growth and ontogenetic development were evident at 7.2 μg/l.

Toxic effects of dechlorane plus on the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryonic development

“…Interestingly, in this study we also found a significant reduction in body length of DP exposed common carps. These results are similar with those that reported reduction of fish growth upon exposure to other chemicals, for example organophosphate insecticides and pyrethroid insecticides (Allison, 1977;Machova et al, 2010;Richterova et al, 2015;Werner and Moran, 2008). In the present study, changes in the developmental malformation of common carp larvae may be due to DP exposure induced DNA damage (single/double strand breaks) and oxidative stress.…”

The Antioxidant Role of a Taurine-Enriched Diet in Combating the Immunotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Pyrethroids and/or Carbamates in Oreochromis niloticus

“…These findings could be attributed to the metabolic changes in protein and carbohydrate metabolism of fish induced by toxic stress, which led to the consumption of energy storage to detoxify the toxicant or repair mechanisms; hence, little energy was available for growth. A reduction in growth has previously been reported for LCT exposed in O. niloticus [ 30 ]; likewise for cypermethrin (a member of pyrethroids family) given to common carp [ 50 ], and MTM given to Hoplobatrachus rugulosus [ 25 ].…”

Adverse Effects of Cypermethrin on the Chick (Galus domesticus) Development are Reversed by Co-Treatment with Vitamin E and Olive Oil

“…A similar developmental study conducted on the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) embryos also indicated that CN exposure has led to growth retardations and embryonic death. In these embryos the estimated antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase) activities were significantly lowered than the control group embryos (Richterova et al, 2015). Thus, it seems customary to believe that the oxidative stress induced by CN exposure must play a pivotal role in embryonic developmental disruptions (Huang et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2017).…”