“…Multiple forms of active learning experiences were incorporated in the data use PDIs (e.g., van der Scheer et al, 2017;van der Scheer & Visscher, 2016;van der Scheer & Visscher, 2018). With different data use processes applied, teachers learned and practised using data based on a problem in student learning from their classroom practice and context (Ebbeler, Poortman, Schildkamp, & Pieters, 2017), critically analysed classroom data and reflected on their professional behaviour (van der Scheer & Visscher, 2016), developed an instructional plan (van der Scheer & Visscher, 2018), and directly applied their newly gained skills in their schools .…”