Effects of a Developmentally Based Intervention With Teachers on Native American and White Early Adolescents’ Schooling Adjustment in Rural Settings

Supporting Early Adolescent Learning and Social Strengths: Promoting Productive Contexts for Students at-risk for EBD during the Transition to Middle School

“…When considered in light of previous research (e.g., Hamm et al, 2010;Farmer et al, in press), the SEALS model shows considerable promise for supporting students' strengths during this transition period that is difficult for many youth. Reflecting the intervention aims and logic model of this program (see Figure 1), it appears that SEALS enhances teachers' understanding of the classroom social dynamics that contribute to students' adjustment (Farmer et al, in press) and helps them create an environment where students continue to value academic effort and affiliate with peers who support their positive academic and social engagement.…”

“…Peer Norms for Effort and Achievement (Hamm et al, 2010) is an 11-item scale that measures students' perceptions of the acceptability of achievement and effort among peer affiliates. In response to the prompt, "The kids I hang around with in school think it is good to : : : " students rate on a 6-point scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree) items such as "offer to help other students if you know the answer or how to solve a problem."…”

“…Teachers rated participants' effort and achievement on three items (Hamm et al, 2010): "How well does child complete his/her homework? "; "How well does child perform on curricular tests?…”

“…In a preliminary randomized control trial conducted in four rural K-8 schools in the Northern Plains, the SEALS model has been shown to enhance at-risk students' belonging and valuing of school, improve their perceptions of social risk for being bullied in school, and increase their end of year grades and standardized test scores (Hamm et al, 2010). Another randomized control trial was conducted in two Appalachian school districts with four middle schools and focused on 6th grade teachers' awareness of students' peer affiliations as they transitioned from elementary to middle school.…”

The Move to Middle School: Parents’ Expectations and Early Adolescents’ Adjustment in Rural Communities

“…Teachers also rated participating adolescents' social, academic, and behavioral adjustment. The measures and procedures reported have been used with samples of rural early adolescents (e.g., Farmer et al, 2003;Hamm et al, 2010;Hardy et al, 2002).…”