Effects of a home‐based nursing intervention programme among adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Aims and objective To investigate the effects of a home‐based nursing intervention programme established based on the Health Promotion Model on the health outcomes of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Background After diagnosed with diabetes, it is necessary to ensure that nursing care is not limited to the hospital setting but continues at home. Design A quasi‐experimental design with a pre‐ and post‐test control group was used. The researchers have complied with the guidelines of TREND Checklist in presenting this study. Method This study was conducted in İzmir, Turkey, with 71 adolescents (35 in an intervention group and 36 in a control group) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus who were registered at the paediatric endocrinology outpatient clinics of two hospitals and were selected using the convenience sampling method between June–December 2017. A home‐based nursing intervention programme (5 week) was provided to the intervention group while standard care was provided to the control group. Data were collected at the baseline, and 3 and 6 months after a 5‐week home‐based nursing intervention. Multi‐way and one‐way analysis of variance, the Bonferroni correction, regression analysis, t test, chi‐squared analysis and a structural equation model were used for data analysis of the iterative measurements. Results At the end of the home‐based nursing intervention programme, the HbA1c mean scores significantly decreased, while self‐efficacy perception, frequency of managing diabetes and taking responsibility in managing diabetes increased in the intervention group compared to those in the control group. Frequency of admission to the hospital and average costs were lower in the intervention group than in control group. The home‐based nursing intervention programme using structural equation modelling increased the frequency of managing diabetes and taking responsibility in managing diabetes and decreased HbA1c levels. Conclusion The home‐based nursing intervention programme was effective in decreasing HbA1c levels, increasing the frequency of diabetes management and taking responsibility in managing diabetes, and improving the self‐efficacy of the adolescents. Relevance to clinical practice The home‐based nursing intervention programme can be applied by nurses to ease the transition of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents to healthy daily life practices and ensure their glycemic controls after being discharged.

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“…At the beginning of the study, the researcher found that there were no significant differences between all domains (diet and insulin, modifications of the diabetes care plan, intervention behaviors, and additional diabetes care practices) in the intervention and control groups before exposure to nursing intervention programs (Table 1). The present results are in agreement with a study done by Gürkan et al [16], who stated that there were no significant differences between the diabetes behaviour rating scale domain in control and intervention groups before being exposed to nursing intervention programs. The researcher suggested that caregivers need health intervention programs regarding T1DM.…”

Práticas Inovadoras De Assistência De Enfermagem Em Crianças E Adolescentes Com Diabetes

“…Os resultados das pesquisas sustentam que essas intervenções quando aplicadas na assistência de enfermagem à crianças e adolescentes podem ser positivas em promover a autonomia das crianças. Quanto aos quesitos clínicos, a maioria dos estudos mostram redução dos níveis de hemoglobina glicada, resultante do aumento da adesão e autogerenciamento do tratamento da DM1(GURKAN et al, 2019; OLUCHINA et al, 2022).Destaca-se, que na maioria dos estudos selecionados, as intervenções foram conduzidas e aplicadas dentro da prática clínica da assistência de enfermagem. Tais evidencias fornecem uma nova perspectiva de autonomia de desenvolvimento de intervenções para aprimorar a prestação de cuidados, tendo em vista que os profissionais de enfermagem desempenham um papel fundamental na promoção da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.…”