Effects of a ketogenic diet in women with PCOS with different uric acid concentrations: a prospective cohort study

Yang, Mukun; Bai, Wenpei; Jiang, Bo; Wang, Zijun; Wang, Xiaoxue; Sun, Yu; Liu, Feiran; Cui, Guangxia; Song, Xiaohong; Li, Jian; Wu, Fengyun

doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.03.023

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Following the sensitivity analysis, our findings exhibited that there were no significant deviations between the pre- and post-sensitivity WMDs for variables such as weight, WC, BMI, and FM. However, when excluding the study by Jian et al ( 31 ), the sensitivity analysis showed a lower pooled WMD of −9.69 (95% CI: −12.45, −6.93) for weight, and when excluding the study by Yang (b) et al ( 24 ), the higher pooled WMD was −8.12 (95% CI: −10.28, −5.96). For BMI, the lower pooled WMD in sensitivity analysis was −3.17 (95% CI: −3.79, −2.55) after excluding Jian et al ( 31 ), and the higher was −2.68 (95% CI: −3.27, −2.09) after removing Magagnini et al ( 33 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Effects of ketogenic diet on weight loss parameters among obese or overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails

Xing,

Ren,

Yang

2024

Food & Nutrition Research

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Aim: To evaluate how effective a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) is for changing key physical measurements such as weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and fat mass (FM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were obese or overweight. Methods: Several online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (WOS), were searched systematically to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up until June 2023. The Q-test and I2 statistics were used to assess the level of heterogeneity among the included studies. The data were then combined using either a fixed or random effects model and presented as a weighted mean difference (WMD) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Of the 682 citations, 11 RCTs were included. The pooled results showed a significant decrease in the WMD of weight levels [WMD = −9.13 kg; 95% CI, −11.88, −6.39, P < 0.001; I2 = 87.23%] following KD. Moreover, KD significantly reduced BMI levels [WMD = −2.93 kg/m2; 95% CI, −3.65, −2.21, P < 0.001; I2 = 78.81%] compared to the controls. Patients with PCOS received KD demonstrated significant decrease in WC [WMD = −7.62 cm; 95% CI, −10.73, −4.50, P < 0.001; I2 = 89.17%] and FM [WMD = −5.32 kg; 95% CI, −7.29, −3.36, P < 0.001; I2 = 83.97%]. Conclusion: KD was associated with lower weight loss (WL) parameters, including weight, BMI, WC, and FM, in obese or overweight women with PCOS, highlighting the significance of physicians and nurses in taking care of the nutritional needs of overweight/obese patients with PCOS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This meta-analysis included 426 women with PCOS. Yang et al ( 24 ) conducted a study that examined different disease types, specifically PCOS with non-hyperuricemia and hyperuricemia, and treated each disease type as a separate study within the meta-analysis. The intervention duration across the included studies varied from 6 to 24 weeks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ketogenic diet on weight loss parameters among obese or overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails

Xing,

Ren,

Yang

2024

Food & Nutrition Research

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“…Four studies were conducted in Italy [ 15 , 17-19 ], 2 in China [ 13 , 14 ] and 1 in the United States [ 20 ]. Assessment of dietary compliance was performed via evaluation of urine or blood ketosis in 4 studies [ 13 , 14 , 17 , 20 ], counseling or phone reminder in 2 studies [ 14 , 15 ], and food records [ 20 ]. The methodological quality score was fair in all included studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the known positive effects of ketogenic diet in improving insulin resistance [ 17 , 19 ], improving sex hormone imbalances and metabolic health [ 14 , 15 , 18 , 19 ], and improving body composition [ 13 , 17 ], it is important to look at the baseline characteristics of the study participants when evaluating the effects of ketogenic diet, as they can have a significant impact on the transferability and applicability of the results [ 28 ]. Demographic and baseline clinical parameters, such as the gender, weight, BMI, age, and health status (such as comorbid liver or kidney derangements) will impact the risks and benefits of a ketogenic diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-arm interventional studies that reported a measure of association (with mean difference and SD, or sufficient data to calculate them) in the level of reproductive hormones of interest were considered eligible for inclusion. Selected data from double-arm studies were also included: a double-arm study looking at the effect of ketogenic diet in PCOS patients with and without hyperuricemia [ 13 ] only included data from the patients with non-hyperuricemia at baseline, while double-arm studies assessing effects from different weight loss regimen only included data from ketogenic diet arm [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Reproductive Hormones in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Khalid,

Apparow,

Mushaddik

et al. 2023

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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Context Ketogenic diet has recently made a comeback as a part of lifestyle and dietary modifications in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Despite studies suggesting its beneficial effects in reversing hormonal imbalance in women with PCOS, evidence has been patchy and derived from small populations under varying conditions. Objective To pool evidence from clinical trials to study the effects of ketogenic diet on reproductive hormones (LH/FSH ratio, free testosterone, serum progesterone) and observe evidence of weight change. Methods PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science core collection were searched for clinical trials evaluating the effects of ketogenic diet in established PCOS women consistent with the Rotterdam classification. Single- or double-arm studies that included an outcome of interest were included. Two investigators worked independently to screen potential articles and a designated investigator extracted data on study characteristics and evaluated the outcomes. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results Following ≥45 days of intervention with ketogenic diet among women with PCOS, significant improvement was observed in reproductive hormone levels, with reduced LH/FSH ratio (d −0.851; 95% CI −1.015, −0.686; P < .001), reduced serum free testosterone (d −0.223; 95% CI −0.328, −0.119; P < .001), and an increased in serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (d 9.086; 95% CI 3.379, 14.792; P = .002). Significant weight loss was unanimously observed in all included studies (d −11.56; 95% CI −14.97, −8.15; P < .001). Conclusion Short-term ketogenic diet potentially improved hormonal imbalances commonly associated with PCOS.

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Problems and Opportunities in the use of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Assessing Body Composition During Ketogenic Diets: A Scoping Review

Paoli,

Campa

2024

Curr Obes Rep

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Purpose of the Review The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for monitoring body composition during the ketogenic diet has experienced a rapid surge. This scoping review aimed to assess the validity of procedures applying BIA in the ketogenic diet and to suggest best practices for optimizing its utilization. Recent Findings We conducted a systematic scoping review of peer-reviewed literature involving BIA for assessing body composition in individuals adhering to a ketogenic diet. Searches of international databases yielded 1609 unique records, 72 of which met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Thirty-five studies used foot-to-hand technology, 34 used standing position technology, while 3 did not declare the technology used. Raw bioelectrical parameters were reported in 21 studies. A total of 196 body mass components were estimated, but predictive equations were reported in only four cases. Summary Most research on BIA during ketogenic diets did not report the equations used for predicting body composition, making it impossible to assess the validity of BIA outputs. Furthermore, the exceedingly low percentage of studies reporting and analyzing raw data makes it challenging to replicate methodologies in future studies, highlighting that BIA is not being utilized to its full potential. There is a need for more precise technology and device characteristics descriptions, full report of raw bioelectrical data, and predictive equations utilized. Moreover, evaluating raw data through vectorial analysis is strongly recommended. Eventually, we suggest best practices to enhance BIA outcomes during ketogenic diets.

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Effects of a ketogenic diet in women with PCOS with different uric acid concentrations: a prospective cohort study

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of ketogenic diet on weight loss parameters among obese or overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails

Effects of ketogenic diet on weight loss parameters among obese or overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails

Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Reproductive Hormones in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Problems and Opportunities in the use of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Assessing Body Composition During Ketogenic Diets: A Scoping Review

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