Effects of a low glycemic load or a low-fat dietary intervention on body weight in obese Hispanic American children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial

Mirza, Nazrat; Palmer, Matilde G; Sinclair, Kelly B.; McCarter, Robert; He, Jie; Ebbeling, Cara B.; Ludwig, David S.; Yanovski, Jack A.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.042630

Cited by 77 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Studies focused on this strategy have demonstrated benefits in the areas of weight loss, insulin metabolism, diabetes control, inflammation, and vascular function (108). Benefits have been seen in studies of both adults and children (118). Conversely, a high dietary glycemic load has been associated with adverse health effects.…”

Section: Low-glycemic Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Say What Diet Is Best for Health?

Katz

Meller

2014

Annu. Rev. Public Health

323

204

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Diet is established among the most important influences on health in modern societies. Injudicious diet figures among the leading causes of premature death and chronic disease. Optimal eating is associated with increased life expectancy, dramatic reduction in lifetime risk of all chronic disease, and amelioration of gene expression. In this context, claims abound for the competitive merits of various diets relative to one another. Whereas such claims, particularly when attached to commercial interests, emphasize distinctions, the fundamentals of virtually all eating patterns associated with meaningful evidence of health benefit overlap substantially. There have been no rigorous, long-term studies comparing contenders for best diet laurels using methodology that precludes bias and confounding, and for many reasons such studies are unlikely. In the absence of such direct comparisons, claims for the established superiority of any one specific diet over others are exaggerated. The weight of evidence strongly supports a theme of healthful eating while allowing for variations on that theme. A diet of minimally processed foods close to nature, predominantly plants, is decisively associated with health promotion and disease prevention and is consistent with the salient components of seemingly distinct dietary approaches. Efforts to improve public health through diet are forestalled not for want of knowledge about the optimal feeding of Homo sapiens but for distractions associated with exaggerated claims, and our failure to convert what we reliably know into what we routinely do. Knowledge in this case is not, as of yet, power; would that it were so.

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Section: Low-glycemic Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Say What Diet Is Best for Health?

Katz

Meller

2014

Annu. Rev. Public Health

323

204

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“…However, the effectiveness of a low-GI diet in the treatment of pediatric obesity has not been well evaluated. There are few studies in obese children on BMI reduction (6)(7)(8) and fat mass reduction (9)(10)(11)(12), and some of these studies showed an improvement in insulin sensitivity (9,12); however, their sample sizes were quite small, and most of the studies were conducted in western countries and may not be applicable to Thai cuisine. In Thailand, the staple food is rice which has several varieties.…”

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confidence: 99%

Low-glycemic index diet may improve insulin sensitivity in obese children

et al. 2015

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ArticlesClinical Investigation nature publishing group BACKGROUND: A low-glycemic index (GI) diet may be beneficial for weight management due to its effect on insulin metabolism and satiety. METHODS: Obese children aged 9-16 y were randomly assigned either a low-GI diet or a low-fat diet (control group) for 6 mo. Body composition changes were measured by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Insulin sensitivity was measured by fasting plasma glucose and insulin. RESULTS: Fifty-two participants completed the study (mean age: 12.0 ± 2.0 y, 35 boys); both groups showed significantly decreased BMI z-score but similar changes in fat and fat-free mass. The low-GI group demonstrated a significant decline in fasting plasma insulin (22.2 ± 14.3 to 13.7 ± 10.9 mU/l; P = 0.004) and homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (4.8 ± 3.3 to 2.9 ± 2.3; P = 0.007), whereas the control group did not. However, general linear model showed no significant difference in insulin resistance between groups after adjusting for baseline levels, suggesting that the greater reduction in insulin resistance in the low-GI group may be explained by higher baseline values. CONCLUSION: Despite subtle effects on body composition, a low-GI diet may improve insulin sensitivity in obese children with high baseline insulin. A bigger study in obese children with insulin resistance could be worthwhile to confirm our findings.C urrently, the prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide (1). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that about 17% of children and adolescents in the United States aged 2-19 y were obese (2). Furthermore, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has been rapidly rising in obese children, and with it, the risk of cardiovascular disease (3). About 60% of overweight children have at least one cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. In addition, more than 25% of them have more than one type of cardiovascular disease risk factors (1). The common complications of childhood obesity are the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes), obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, polycystic ovary syndrome, orthopedic complications, and premature atherosclerosis (4).At present, we are unable to describe the exact etiology of obesity, but one of the most common causes is an imbalance between energy intake and physical activity. Treatment of obesity is difficult and can be done by several approaches, including dietary control (such as low-fat, low-energy diet), physical activity program, behavioral modification (such as generating weight reduction goal, self-monitoring, as well as positive reinforcement by parents), and medical treatment. There are many pediatric patients seeking hospital-based obesity treatment. Most of them have one or more of the complications of obesity mentioned above as well as a loss of their self-esteem and social lives. In general, ...

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“…Another study however indicates that children and adolescent Hispanics have a higher prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance, which increases the chances of developing MS than in non-Hispanic white children and black 30 . The present study showed that 8,7% of students have change in CA, a study along with 818 Italian children found that this anthropometric measure would be associated with the identification of dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure 31 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Síndrome metabólica e associação com nível socioeconômico em escolares

et al. 2014

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Objetivo verificar a associação entre o nível socioeconômico e a presença de síndrome metabólica (SM) em escolares da rede pública da cidade de Montes Claros-MG. Métodos trata-se de estudo transversal, analítico. Foram avaliados 382 escolares entre 10 e 16 anos, a partir da amostragem por conglomerados. A condição socioeconômica foi dividida em alta e baixa e a SM foi diagnosticada utilizando os critérios da International Diabetes Federation. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado (p < 0,05)e oddsratio (com intervalo de 95% de confiança). Resultados os escolares da classe socioeconômica baixa apresentaram alterações no estado nutricional e nos exames laboratoriais, o que contribuiu para presença da SM em 8,7% escolares. Conclusão a condição socioeconômica baixa contribui de forma significante para o diagnótico da SM e atua também na incidência dessa patologia, devido os seus pertencentes estarem mais expostos aos fatores de risco.

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Effects of a low glycemic load or a low-fat dietary intervention on body weight in obese Hispanic American children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract: We showed no evidence that an LGD and an LFD differ in efficacy for the reduction of BMI or aspects of metabolic syndrome in obese Hispanic youth. Both diets decreased the BMI z score when prescribed in the context of a culturally adapted, comprehensive weight-reduction program.

Cited by 77 publications

References 54 publications

Can We Say What Diet Is Best for Health?

Can We Say What Diet Is Best for Health?

Low-glycemic index diet may improve insulin sensitivity in obese children

Síndrome metabólica e associação com nível socioeconômico em escolares

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