Effects of a low glycemic index or low glycemic load diet on pregnant women at high risk of gestational diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Liu, L.; Li, Zhe; Duan, Beibei; Zhang, Qianghuizi; Zhou, Zheyi; Liu, Weiwei

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.06.020

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 40 publications

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“…Overall evidence suggests that carbohydrate quality plays a more important role in chronic disease outcomes than carbohydrate amount. A series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of data from large cohort studies have shown that high glycemic index or glycemic load diets (often containing higher amounts of refined grains, such as white rice and white bread, starchy foods such as potatoes, and sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs]), are consistently associated with increased risk of weight gain, obesity, diabetes, CVD, some cancers, and mortality [60][61][62][63][64], whereas minimally processed grains, legumes, whole fruits, and non-starchy vegetables are protective against these conditions [65][66][67][68]. In a recent longitudinal analysis of changes in carbohydrate intake and long-term weight gain in the NHS and HPFS, increasing dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and amounts of starch, added sugars, refined grains, and starchy vegetables was associated with greater midlife weight gain.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Quantity and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet strategies for promoting healthy aging and longevity: An epidemiological perspective

2023

J Intern Med

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In recent decades, global life expectancies have risen significantly, accompanied by a marked increase in chronic diseases and population aging. This narrative review aims to summarize recent findings on the dietary factors influencing chronic diseases and longevity, primarily from large cohort studies. First, maintaining a healthy weight throughout life is pivotal for healthy aging and longevity, mirroring the benefits of lifelong, moderate calorie restriction in today's obesogenic food environment. Second, the specific types or food sources of dietary fat, protein, and carbohydrates are more important in influencing chronic disease risk and mortality than their quantity. Third, some traditional diets (e.g., the Mediterranean, Nordic, and Okinawa) and contemporary dietary patterns, such as healthy plant‐based diet index, the DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet, and alternate healthy eating index, have been associated with lower mortality and healthy longevity. These patterns share many common components (e.g., a predominance of nutrient‐rich plant foods; limited red and processed meats; culinary herbs and spices prevalent in global cuisines) while embracing distinct elements from different cultures. Fourth, combining a healthy diet with other lifestyle factors could extend disease‐free life expectancies by 8–10 years. While adhering to core principles of healthy diets, it is crucial to adapt dietary recommendations to individual preferences and cultures as well as nutritional needs of aging populations. Public health strategies should aim to create a healthier food environment where nutritious options are readily accessible, especially in public institutions and care facilities for the elderly. Although further mechanistic studies and human trials are needed to better understand molecular effects of diet on aging, there is a pressing need to establish and maintain long‐term cohorts studying diet and aging in culturally diverse populations.

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Section: Carbohydrate Quantity and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet strategies for promoting healthy aging and longevity: An epidemiological perspective

2023

J Intern Med

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A Review of Third-Trimester Complications in Pregnancies Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus

Welsey,

Day,

Sullivan

et al. 2024

Am J Perinatol

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Pregnancies affected by both pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus carry an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. While the risks associated with diabetes in pregnancy have been well documented and span across all trimesters, maternal and neonatal morbidity have been associated with select third-trimester complications. Further, modifiable risk factors have been identified that can help improve pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to examine the relationship between select third-trimester complications (large for gestational age, intrauterine fetal demise, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth, perineal lacerations, shoulder dystocia, and cesarean delivery) and the aforementioned modifiable risk factors, specifically glycemic control, blood pressure control, and gestational weight gain. It also highlights how early optimization of these modifiable risk factors can reduce adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Key Points

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Effect of a high‐protein and low‐glycaemic index diet during pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity on offspring metabolic health—A randomized controlled trial

Mogensen,

Magkos,

Zingenberg

et al. 2024

Pediatric Obesity

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SummaryBackgroundMaternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are associated with higher birth weight and increased risk of childhood obesity.ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of a high‐protein and low‐glycaemic‐index (HPLGI) diet during pregnancy on offspring body composition and metabolic health.MethodsWe conducted a dietary intervention study in pregnant women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI of 28–45 kg/m2 who were randomly assigned to an HPLGI diet or a moderate‐protein moderate‐glycaemic‐index (MPMGI) diet. A total of 208 offspring born to these women were followed‐up from birth to 5 years of age.ResultsNo differences were found on BMI z‐scores at different ages; however, offspring born to women on the HPLGI diet exhibited 0.43 mmol/L higher glucose levels (p = 0.017) at birth compared with the MPMGI diet. At 3 years of age, HPLGI offspring had 0.09 mmol/L lower levels of HDL‐cholesterol (p = 0.018) and 16% higher levels of triglycerides (p = 0.044). At 5 years of age, they had 0.25 mmol/L higher total cholesterol levels (p = 0.027) and 0.27 mmol/L higher LDL‐cholesterol levels (p = 0.003) compared with the MPMGI diet.ConclusionAn HPLGI diet during pregnancy may lead to adverse metabolic outcomes in the offspring, necessitating further investigation into long‐term health implications.

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Effects of a low glycemic index or low glycemic load diet on pregnant women at high risk of gestational diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Diet strategies for promoting healthy aging and longevity: An epidemiological perspective

Diet strategies for promoting healthy aging and longevity: An epidemiological perspective

A Review of Third-Trimester Complications in Pregnancies Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus

Effect of a high‐protein and low‐glycaemic index diet during pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity on offspring metabolic health—A randomized controlled trial

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