Effects of a New Tetrazolium Derivative on Tissue, Bacteria, and Onion Root Tips

Antopol, William; Glaubach, Susi; Goldman, Lester M.

doi:10.2307/4586700

Cited by 43 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…E. V. Cowdry in 1924 again wrote of mitochondria, "their existence is doubtful in bacteria." See also Knaysi (1951). N. H. reported mitochondria in myxomycetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cells counterstained in this fashion were not uniformly light red, but frequently showed much darker red centrally located areas, as indicated by the arrow in figure 2; the significance of these intergranular bodies is under further investigation. They stain as nuclei by the De Lamater (1951) procedure. Nadi reaction.…”

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dark granules are obviouisly within the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is characteristically 1951] shrunken away from the very delicate cell-wall. Separation of the protoplasts of adjacent cells within the still intact cell-wall (figures 16 and 17) suggests beginning cell division as described by Knaysi (1929).…”

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence Suggesting That the Granules of Mycobacteria Are Mitochondria

et al. 1951

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The granules which are so readily demonstrable in mycobacteria were interpreted by Robert Koch (1884) as spores.4 More recently they have been interpreted, with minor variations, as reserve particles, fat droplets, degeneration products, reproductive (Much) granules, conidia, gonidia, "sporide," and nuclei. The literature has been well reviewed among others by Wessel (1942), Knaysi (1929), and Knaysi, Hillier, and Fabricant (1950). The present work demonstrates that these granules are loci of enzymatic oxidative-reductive activities, contain phospholipid, and give in high dilutions of Janus green B the succession of colors characteristic for the staining of mitochondria. The granules have smooth spheroidal to ellipsoidal contours and, except when deformed by adjacent structures, have surfaces of minimal areas. When the granules have been volatilized by intense electronic bombardment, definite limiting surface membranes remain. The essential attributes of these granules are characteristic of the mitochondria of the cells of higher animals and plants. METHODS 1 This research has been aided by a grant from the Damon Runyon Fund through the American Cancer Society as recommended by the Committee on Growth of the National Research Council. The substance of this paper was communicated to the annual meeting of the Histochemical Society in

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“…E. V. Cowdry in 1924 again wrote of mitochondria, "their existence is doubtful in bacteria." See also Knaysi (1951). N. H. reported mitochondria in myxomycetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence Suggesting That the Granules of Mycobacteria Are Mitochondria

et al. 1951

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“…The teArazolium aspect of this study was stimulated by the reports indicating that the tetrazolium salts are reduced to pigmented formazans by a variety of living tissues including leukocytes and bacteria (11)(12)(13)(14). It was anticipated that viable leukocytes could be differentiated from non-viable leukocytes, and living from dead intracellular brucella by direct microscopic observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protection of Intracellular Brucella Against Therapeutic Agents and the Bactericidal Action of Serum

Shaffer

Kucera

Spink

1953

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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A method for the in vitro study of intracellular brucella has been described. Exudative leukocytes containing intracellular brucella have been maintained in vitro in a synthetic tissue culture medium or in human or animal serum. Intracellular brucella are protected in vitro against the lethal action of therapeutic agents or the bactericidal action of serum. This protection of intracellular brucella is dependent upon the presence of an intact, viable host cell. None of the currently available therapeutic agents, whether used alone or in combinations, were capable of killing all intracellular brucella in vitro in 24 hours. A remarkable protection of intracellular brucella against streptomycin has been demonstrated. The most effective reduction in the number of viable intracellular brucella was accomplished by exposure of the host cells to streptomycin plus aureomycin, terramycin, or chloramphenicol. The available evidence suggests that the ability of brucella to localize and remain viable within the cells of an infected host is an important biologic factor in establishing and perpetuating brucella infections, despite therapeutic measures or the operation of the host's humoral defense mechanisms. Reduction of neotetrazolium by leukocytes and brucella in vitro provides a method for assessing the metabolic status of the host cell, but does not discriminate with any degree of certainty a viable from a non-viable intracellular organism.

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“…They represent what has been termed by Jean Medawar and David Pyke as "Hitler's gift" to the development of scientific enterprise in the UK, USA, Canada and in other countries of the Americas [182]. We substantiate this claim by citing a few-possibly less well appreciated-examples to highlight some contributions to basic science which had a long-term impact: Susi Glaubach was involved in developing a tetrazolium analogue, referred to as Neotretrazolium, as a reagent to monitor cellular activity [183]. After some 70 years, this is still the basis for measuring cell proliferation by tracking cellular activity colorimetrically using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium), which is reduced to (insoluble, purple) formazan.…”

Section: S327mentioning

confidence: 85%

Anschluss 1938: Aftermath on Medicine and Society

Schütz

Erker

Rathkolb

et al. 2018

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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a perpetrator of it. While invading Austria, poorly prepared German troops were surprised to be received with cheering crowds, much less the overcrowded Heldenplatz during Hitler's speech to the Austrian population on 15 March 1938. Everything was well prepared for the arrival of the German occupiers: already the years before, subsidiaries of the NSDAP were active in Austria, and there were suddenly hundreds of thousands of swastikas and flags available and an extreme and sophisticated system of denunciation. Many Austrians, including doctors, achieved leading positions during the Nazi period. Doctors represented the highest proportion of Austrian academics who were members of the NSDAP (though it is worth noting that many of their Jewish colleagues had already been expelled from the country), and they were heavily implicated in committing ethical misconduct, in particular in the execution of the "euthanasia" T4-programme, where handicapped children and adults were killed. After World War II, many tainted physicians and university professors were reinstated in their former positions and had the opportunity of a postwar career. This was the main reason for the general backlog in research and development in Austria in comparison with most countries of the Western world.

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Effects of a New Tetrazolium Derivative on Tissue, Bacteria, and Onion Root Tips

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Evidence Suggesting That the Granules of Mycobacteria Are Mitochondria

Evidence Suggesting That the Granules of Mycobacteria Are Mitochondria

The Protection of Intracellular Brucella Against Therapeutic Agents and the Bactericidal Action of Serum

Anschluss 1938: Aftermath on Medicine and Society

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