Effects of a Quillaja saponaria extract on growth performance and immune function of weanling pigs challenged with Salmonella typhimurium1

Turner, John P.; Dritz, S. S.; Higgins, James J.; Herkelman, K. L.; Minton, J. Ernest

doi:10.2527/2002.8071939x

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our results revealed that oral exposure to S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis led to an~10% reduction in growth, which was likely explained by a reduction in feed intake (4% by S. Typhimurium group and 11% by S. Enteritidis group) as the level of feed intake is a basic and important factor that determines the rate of growth and body composition achieved by animals during their lifecycles (Richards, 2003). This observation is in agreement with those of previous studies by Balaji et al (2000), Turner et al (2002) and Burkey et al (2004) who reported lower feed intake and growth rate in pigs orally challenged with S. Typhimurium. However, to the best of our knowledge, no other studies of the effect of oral infection with S. Enteritidis on the growth performance of pigs have been conducted to date.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Monitoring of behavior using a video-recording system for recognition of Salmonella infection in experimentally infected growing pigs

Ahmed¹,

Mun²,

Yoe³

et al. 2015

Animal

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Behavior is one of the most commonly used indicators of illness; however, few studies have investigated how different common diseases affect animal behavior. This experiment was conducted to investigate behavioral and clinical alterations in growing pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella spp. during a 4-week post-infection period. A total of 48 growing pigs were divided into one of the three treatment groups (1) control, (2) infection with Salmonella Typhimurium or (3) infection with Salmonella Enteritidis. Individual pigs’ behavior was recorded daily (0900 to 1100 and 1600 to 1800 h) using a video-recording system. Pigs in both infected groups had lower weight gain and feed intake during week 0 to 2 and 0 to 4 experimental period. Bacteriological data revealed that pigs in both infected groups persistently shed bacteria throughout the period of study. Oral infection of growing pigs with S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis significantly reduced the frequency of morning large (except week 1) and small movement throughout the study period. In the evening, significantly lowest frequency of movements were observed in the S. Enteritidis-infected group compared with the control. The standing and sitting frequency were significantly lower in both infected groups only at the morning of week 4. Infection with Salmonella spp. led to a significant reduction in the frequency and duration of morning eating and drinking throughout the experimental period, with the exception of 4th week drinking duration. The lowest frequency of evening eating during week 1 and 4 was recorded in both infected groups; whereas, the duration differed only at week 1. The evening drinking frequency only tended to decrease in response to S. Typhimurium infection at week 1. This study shows that, pigs infected with Salmonella spp. had poor performance, shedding high levels of Salmonella with their feces and reduced feeding and drinking activity, which are adaptive responses to infection and may help caretakers to detect ill health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Monitoring of behavior using a video-recording system for recognition of Salmonella infection in experimentally infected growing pigs

Ahmed¹,

Mun²,

Yoe³

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…Tracking APR provides useful measures of clinical or sub-clinical manifestations in pigs challenged with enteric pathogens (Turner et al 2002;Burkley et al 2004;Houdijk et al 2007). Therefore, the present study evaluated APR in pigs fed HP and EYA upon oral challenge with ETEC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute phase response of piglets fed diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products and egg yolk antibodies following an oral challenge with Escherichia coli (k88)

Kiarie¹,

Slominski²,

Krause³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2009. Acute phase response of piglets diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products and egg yolk antibodies following an oral challenge with Escherichia coli (K88). Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 353Á360. Acute phase responses (APR) in pigs fed non-starch polysaccharides hydrolysis products (HP) and egg yolk antibodies against K88 fimbriae (EYA) following oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) were evaluated. The HP were products of incubating feedstuffs with a blend of carbohydrase enzymes. Forty, 21-d-old pigs (two pigs/pen) were assigned to four diets to give five pens per diet. The diets were: a control fed without or with 5 g kg(1 of HP and EYA either singly or in combination forming a 2 )2 factorial arrangement. Following a 9-d adaptation period, pigs were bled and given an oral dose of ETEC. Pigs were then bled and feed intake recorded within 48 h post-challenge. Pigs fed HP ate more (PB0.05) than pigs not fed HP during the ETEC challenge. Interaction between additives and time was observed for packed cell volume (PCV, P00.0002), in which case pigs fed the control diet showed lower PCV at 6 h post-challenge than pigs fed additives. At 48 h post-challenge, main effects (PB0.10) were such that pigs fed HP-diets had lower serum haptoglobin and pigs fed EYA-diets had higher interleukin-6 compared with pigs fed non-HP and non-EYA diets, respectively. In conclusion, HP and EYA reduced the severity of ETEC-enteritis in piglets with some evidence of synergistic effects.Key words: Acute phase responses, egg yolk antibodies, non-starch polysaccharides, hydrolysis products, piglet diarrhea Kiarie, E., Slominski, B. A., Krause, D. O. et Nyachoti, C. M. 2009. Re´action de phase aigue¨des porcelets nourris avec les produits de l'hydrolyse des polysaccharides non amylace´s et des anticorps du jaune d'oeuf a`la provocation par voie orale avec Escherichia coli (K88). Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 353Á360. Les auteurs ont e´tudie´la re´action de phase aigue¨(RPA) des porcelets qui avaient rec¸u les produits de l'hydrolyse (PH) des polysaccharides non amylace´s ainsi que des anticorps du jaune d'oeuf contre les pilus bacte´riens K88 (AJO) a`la provocation par voie orale avec la souche ente´rotoxige`ne d'Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC). Les PH re´sultaient de l'incubation des aliments du be´tail avec un me´lange de carbohydrases. Quarante porcelets de 21 jours (2 sujets/enclos) ont e´te´re´partis entre 4 rations de fac¸on a`obtenir 5 enclos par ration. Les rations e´taient les suivantes : te´moin avec ou sans 5 g kg(1 de PH et des AJO, ajoute´s se´pare´ment ou ensemble selon une disposition factorielle de 2 )2. Au terme d'une pe´riode d'adaptation de 9 jours, les sujets ont e´teś aigne´s puis ont rec¸u oralement une dose d'ETEC. Ils ont ensuite e´te´saigne´s de nouveau et on a enregistre´la quantited 'aliments inge´re´e dans les 48 h suivant la provocation. Les porcelets qui avaient rec¸u des PH mangeaient plus (PB0,05) que les autres pendant la pe´riode de provocation avec l?ETEC. Les additifs et le...

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“…Dietary treatment with crude soap bark of Q. saponaria, ranging from 125 to 500 mg/kg, did not counteract the negative effects on feed intake and growth induced transiently by a challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Turner et al, 2002b). Q. saponaria also failed to modulate the rise in serum haptoglobin, a-1-acid glycoprotein and IgM concentrations induced by this challenge 7 and 14 days postinfection (Turner et al, 2002b). The phagocytic function of peripheral white blood cells tended to be depressed in challenged pigs fed with high doses of Q. saponaria, but not with low doses (Turner et al, 2002b).…”

Section: In-feed Modulators Of Piglet Immunitymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Q. saponaria also failed to modulate the rise in serum haptoglobin, a-1-acid glycoprotein and IgM concentrations induced by this challenge 7 and 14 days postinfection (Turner et al, 2002b). The phagocytic function of peripheral white blood cells tended to be depressed in challenged pigs fed with high doses of Q. saponaria, but not with low doses (Turner et al, 2002b). It has been suggested that these 'weak immune modulations' may be due to the low purity of the extract used (Ilsley et al, 2005), which could reach a maximal level of 10% of saponins.…”

Section: In-feed Modulators Of Piglet Immunitymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…As saponins are known to enhance immunity via the intestinal route, their use in animal nutrition has been the subject of investigation (Francis et al, 2002). Dietary treatment with crude soap bark of Q. saponaria, ranging from 125 to 500 mg/kg, did not counteract the negative effects on feed intake and growth induced transiently by a challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Turner et al, 2002b). Q. saponaria also failed to modulate the rise in serum haptoglobin, a-1-acid glycoprotein and IgM concentrations induced by this challenge 7 and 14 days postinfection (Turner et al, 2002b).…”

Section: In-feed Modulators Of Piglet Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production: can immunomodulators play a role?

Gallois¹,

Rothkötter

Bailey

et al. 2009

Animal

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As a result of the European ban of in-feed growth-promoting antibiotics, new strategies are being developed to increase the resistance to disease in farm animals. In pig production, this is of particular importance during the weaning transition when piglets are subjected to major stressful events, making them highly sensitive to digestive disorders. At this time, the development of both innate and adaptive immunity at the mucosal surface is critical in preventing the potential harmful effects of intestinal pathogenic agents. Strategies aiming at stimulating natural host defences through the use of substances able to modulate immune functions have gained increasing interest in animal research, and different bioactive components a priori sharing those properties have been the subject of in vivo nutritional investigations in pig. Among these, yeast derivates (b-glucans and mannans) are able to interact with immune cells, particularly phagocytic cells. However, studies where they have been fed to pigs have shown inconsistent results, suggesting that their ability to target the sensitive immune cells through the oral route is questionable. The plant extracts, which would benefit from a positive image in the public opinion, have also been tested. However, due to a lack of data on the bioactive components of particular plants and the large diversity of species, it has proved difficult to prepare extracts of equivalent potency and thus, the literature on their influence on pig immunity remains inconclusive. In considering piglet immunity and health benefits, the most promising results to date have been obtained with spray-dried animal plasma, whose positive effects would be provided by specific antibodies and nonspecific competition of some plasma components with bacteria for intestinal receptors. The major positive effect of spray-dried animal plasma is in reducing the infiltration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue by immune cells, which is likely to be the result of a decreased colonisation by potentially harmful bacteria. This review also highlights the limitations of some of the published in vivo studies on the immunomodulatory activity of certain feed additives. Among those, the lack of standardisation of extracts and the heterogeneity of piglet-rearing conditions (e.g. exposure to pathogens) are likely the most limiting.

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Effects of a Quillaja saponaria extract on growth performance and immune function of weanling pigs challenged with Salmonella typhimurium1

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Monitoring of behavior using a video-recording system for recognition of Salmonella infection in experimentally infected growing pigs

Monitoring of behavior using a video-recording system for recognition of Salmonella infection in experimentally infected growing pigs

Acute phase response of piglets fed diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products and egg yolk antibodies following an oral challenge with Escherichia coli (k88)

Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production: can immunomodulators play a role?

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