Effects of a resistive training program on lipoprotein???lipid levels in obese women

Manning, James M.; Dooly-Manning, C.; White, Kathy; Kampa, Ingo S.; Silas, Samuel; Kesselhaut, Mark; Ruoff, Marc

doi:10.1249/00005768-199111000-00003

Cited by 65 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Given the importance of weight and/or fat loss in the treatment of disturbances in plasma lipids and lipoproteins, it is not unreasonable to assume that the inability of exercise to induce an added benefit is at least partially explained by the inability of exercise to increase the reduction in total or abdominal adiposity. This is consistent with the observation that exercise in the absence of weight loss has little or no effect on the plasma lipid profi le (12, 15,52,53). In this way, it is suggested that improvement in obesity-related dyslipidemias may best be accomplished by the prescription of prolonged (30 -60 min/day) low-intensity (50 -60% VO 2max ) exercise on all or most days of the week (24,54 -56).…”

Section: Effects Of Weight Loss On Metabolic Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of an Energy-Restrictive Diet With or Without Exercise on Abdominal Fat, Intermuscular Fat, and Metabolic Risk Factors in Obese Women

Janssen

Fortier²,

Hudson³

et al. 2002

Diabetes Care

269

212

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OBJECTIVE -The primary objective was to examine whether the combination of diet and aerobic exercise (DA) or diet and resistance exercise (DR) is associated with greater improvements in metabolic risk factors by comparison to diet only (DO) in obese women. A second objective considered whether reductions in metabolic risk factors are related to concurrent changes in abdominal and/or intermuscular fat distribution. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A total of 38 premenopausal obese women were randomly assigned to one of three 16-week treatments: DO (n ϭ 13), DA (n ϭ 11), or DR (n ϭ 14). Plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid levels were measured in a fasting state and after a 75-g oral glucose challenge (oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]). Total, abdominal subcutaneous, visceral, and intermuscular fat were measured by magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTS -Significant reductions (P Ͻ 0.02) in body weight (ϳ10 kg or 10%) and in total, abdominal subcutaneous, visceral, and intermuscular fat were observed within each group. Fasting and OGTT insulin, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B also decreased within each group (P Յ 0.02). The changes in the body fat and metabolic variables were not different across treatment (P Ͼ 0.05). Visceral fat alone was related to the metabolic risk factors both before and after the treatment.CONCLUSIONS -Weight loss was associated with reductions in metabolic risk factors in obese women. The improvement in the metabolic profile was not enhanced by the addition of aerobic or resistance exercise. The findings reinforce the importance of diminished visceral fat in the treatment of insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 25:431-438, 2002T he prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities is increasing (1,2), which underscores the importance of developing effective strategies for reducing obesity and the risk of metabolic disease in women. Diet-induced weight loss (3-5) as well as aerobic exercise (6 -8) and resistance exercise (7-9) are effective treatments for reducing metabolic risk factors in women. Although these observations suggest that the combination of diet and exercise would have a greater effect on metabolic risk factors than weight loss alone, the influence of diet and exercise combined in women is unclear. Whereas some studies report greater improvements in the plasma lipid profile in response to the combination of diet and exercise than diet alone (10 -12), others report no treatment differences (13-15). It is also reported that the addition of aerobic (16,17) or resistance (16) exercise does not enhance the reductions in plasma insulin and glucose levels in comparison to diet alone in obese women. These observations do not reflect those in a recent report in obese men wherein a twofold greater improvement in insulin action was observed in response to diet combined with aerobic or resistance exercise than diet alone (18). A rationale that explains the equivocal findings is unknown; however, taken together, these observations suggest that the utility of exercise to enha...

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Section: Effects Of Weight Loss On Metabolic Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of an Energy-Restrictive Diet With or Without Exercise on Abdominal Fat, Intermuscular Fat, and Metabolic Risk Factors in Obese Women

Janssen

Fortier²,

Hudson³

et al. 2002

Diabetes Care

269

212

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show abstract

“…When these factors are controlled, most studies show no improvement in lipid profiles after RT in either middle-aged or older adults. 40,87,98,99 However, the lack of significant lipoproteinlipid changes with RT may be due to the fact that total cholesterol values for most study groups has been Յ200 mg/dL at study entry. Individuals with normal lipoproteinlipid profiles may require greater exercise stimulus and energy expenditure coupled with significant reductions in body weight to further improve lipid profiles.…”

Section: Resistance Training and Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Exercise Training

Braith

Stewart²

2006

Circulation

404

119

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T he metabolic effects of reduced muscle mass, engendered by normal aging or decreased physical activity, lead to a high prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. [1][2][3][4] These risk factors are associated with abnormalities in cardiovascular structure and function such as arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function. Skeletal muscle is the primary metabolic "sink" for glucose and triglyceride disposal and is an important determinant of resting metabolic rate. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that resistance exercise training (RT) and subsequent increases in muscle mass may reduce multiple cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors. [5][6][7][8] The inclusion of RT as part of an exercise program for promoting health and preventing disease has been endorsed by the American Heart Association, 9 American College of Sports Medicine, 10 and the American Diabetes Association 11 as an integral part of an overall health and fitness program. Cross-sectional studies have shown that muscular strength is inversely associated with all-cause mortality 12 and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, 13,14 independent of cardiorespiratory fitness levels. To date, however, the evidence that RT reduces CV risk factors remains equivocal.This review will critically evaluate whether RT modifies CV risk factors and improves characteristics of CV structure and function. The topics will be limited to the effects of RT on major and independent risk factors for CV disease including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and advancing age. 4 The quantitative relation between these risk factors and CV events has been elucidated by the Framingham Heart Study 4 and other studies. The topics will also include 2 predisposing risk factors-obesity and physical inactivity-that are designated as major risk factors by the American Heart Association. 1,2,4 To the extent possible, this review will examine the separate and independent effects of RT in studies that did not include a concomitant aerobic exercise component. However, in those instances where the data from RT studies are equivocal, studies that combined RT and aerobic exercise will be acknowledged to help the clinician formulate recommendations for their patients. Additionally, the review will focus mainly on primary prevention, for example, risk reduction in persons without established CV disease. Many low-to moderate-risk patients with established CV disease should be encouraged to incorporate RT into their physical conditioning program, especially those who rely on their upper extremities for work or recreational pursuits. However, the safety and effectiveness of RT in other populations of CV patients (eg, women, older patients with low aerobic fitness, patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction) have not been well studied. Accordingly, these patient subsets may require more careful evaluation and initial monitoring, and RT guidelines and recommendations must be modified accordingly. Moreover, there is only a l...

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“…Of the 31 trials (involving 1833 participants) which were included (Table 1), one trial (Leon et al, 1996) used a cross-over design while the remaining studies used a parallel design. Twenty-seven studies used aerobic training exclusively, three studies used resistance training (Boyden et al, 1993;Johnson et al, 1983;Manning et al, 1991) and one study (Hersey et al, 1994) employed both resistance and aerobic training groups (Table 1). Five trials included participants of both sexes, ten trials contained only females and sixteen contained only males.…”

Section: Descriptive Data Of Included Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four trials failed to provide information on the dietary instructions or the measurement of dietary intake (Johnson et al, 1983;King et al, 1991;Suter et al, 1994;Toriola, 1984). In 19 trials, dietary intake was approximated via the completion of a 24-h (Lindheim et al, 1994), 48-h (Grandjean et al, 1996), 3-d (Baker et al, 1986;Duncan et al, 1991;Hersey et al, 1994;Houmard et al, 1994;Leon et al, 1996;Manning et al, 1991;Ready & Quinney, 1982;Ready et al, 1995;Wood et al, 1983) or 7-d (Binder et al, 1996;Hellenius 1993;Hinkleman & Nieman, 1993;Kiens et al, 1980;Nieman et al, 1993;Stensel et al, 1993;Williams et al, 1994;Wood et al, 1988) diet record at the beginning and the end of the training period. Two trials (Santiago 1995;Stein 1990) reported that dietary intake was monitored but did not report for what period.…”

Section: Quality Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise training and blood lipids in hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic adults: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials

et al. 1999

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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of exercise training (aerobic and resistance) in modifying blood lipids, and to determine the most effective training programme with regard to duration, intensity and frequency for optimizing the blood lipid pro®le. Design: Trials were identi®ed by a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index (SCI), published reviews and the references of relevant trials. The inclusion criteria were limited to randomized, controlled trials of aerobic and resistance exercise training which were conducted over a minimum of four weeks and involved measurement of one or more of the following: total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Subjects: A total of 31 trials (1833 hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic participants) were included. Results: Aerobic exercise training resulted in small but statistically signi®cant decreases of 0.10 mmolaL (95% CI: 0.02, 0.18), 0.10 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.19), 0.08 mmolaL (95% CI: 0.02, 0.14), for TC, LDL-C, and TG, respectively, with an increase in HDL-C of 0.05 mmolaL (95% CI: 0.02, 0.08). Comparisons between the intensities of the aerobic exercise programmes produced inconsistent results; but more frequent exercise did not appear to result in greater improvements to the lipid pro®le than exercise three times per week. The evidence for the effect of resistance exercise training was inconclusive. Conclusions: Caution is required when drawing ®rm conclusions from this study given the signi®cant heterogeneity with comparisons. However, the results appear to indicate that aerobic exercise training produced small but favourable modi®cations to blood lipids in previously sedentary adults.

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Effects of a resistive training program on lipoprotein???lipid levels in obese women

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of an Energy-Restrictive Diet With or Without Exercise on Abdominal Fat, Intermuscular Fat, and Metabolic Risk Factors in Obese Women

Effects of an Energy-Restrictive Diet With or Without Exercise on Abdominal Fat, Intermuscular Fat, and Metabolic Risk Factors in Obese Women

Resistance Exercise Training

Exercise training and blood lipids in hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic adults: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials

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