Effects of a school-based intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in elementary-school children: The Cardiovascular Health in Children (CHIC) Study

Harrell, Joanne S.; McMurray, Robert G.; Bangdiwala, Shrikant I.; Frauman, Annette C.; Gansky, Stuart A.; Bradley, Chyrise B.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70332-3

Cited by 158 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Since muscle mass is heavier than fat, an increase in BMI or no change is often seen in activity interventions. 15,30 Although HDL-C was signi®cantly associated with Japanese diet, the association was in the opposite direction than would be expected, since a higher Japanese diet score was related to a lower HDL-C. This slight lowering of the protective HDL-C should not be of concern, because the HDL-C levels were quite high (59.8±64.4 mgadl); thus there is little clinical signi®cance to that ®nding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In one large controlled ®eld trial, an activity intervention with third and fourth graders, reduced total CHOL almost 6 mgadl. 15 However, in another large study of children of similar ages, there were no signi®cant changes in lipids. 19 A much smaller study of sixth grade students, found no effects of aerobic training on blood lipids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…14,15 It is also commonly accepted that obesity is related to a high fat and energy intake, and low physical activity. However, the literature examining the association between physical activity and obesity in children is varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,34 The reasons for this are not clear, but are likely to be complex, involving life style changes which this study was not designed to measure in depth. We found that obesity was related to total rice intake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating habits, activity, lipids and body mass index in Japanese children: The Shiratori Children Study

et al. 1998

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the eating habits and physical activity of Japanese children aged 10 y, and to investigate their relationship to lipids and body mass index (BMI); also to study the relationship between BMI and lipids in these children. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at six schools in Shiratori, Japan during 1992±1994. Physical examinations and questionnaires were used to collect data from 457 ®fth grade children, aged 10 y. RESULTS: The diet of these children was mixed, with Japanese and Western foods almost equally reported. Boys were more active than girls. More active children had higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and children who ate a more Japanese diet had slightly lower HDL-C. BMI was positively related to cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and inversely related to HDL-C. The amount of rice intake was positively associated with the BMI of these children. CONCLUSION: In our study of Japanese children aged 10 y, their diets were fairly Westernized, and most children were fairly inactive based on our activity score. Although obesity is low in these young Japanese subjects (14.1%), children who were obese (BMIb20) had worse lipid pro®les than those who were not obese. An exceptionally high rice intake was associated with obesity, and thus may be an early warning sign for future obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Eating habits, activity, lipids and body mass index in Japanese children: The Shiratori Children Study

et al. 1998

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“…PA in the classroom was 6% greater for intervention group. However, outside school, PA was greater in the control group (16%) Harrell et al 23 1274 Boys: 616 Girls: 658…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Contribution of social marketing strategies to community-based obesity prevention programmes in children

Gracia‐Marco

Vicente-Rodríguez

Borys³

et al. 2010

Int J Obes

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Objectives: To review child and adolescent obesity prevention programmes to determine whether they have included the Social Marketing Benchmark Criteria (BC). In addition, we analysed whether there was a relationship between the presence of the criteria and the effectiveness of the programme. Methods: Interventions had to be aimed at preventing obesity through behaviour changes relating to diet, physical activity, lifestyle and social support, separately or in combination. A total of 41 interventions were identified in PubMed and Embase that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: The more recent the studies, the greater the number of the BC that seem to have been used. However, regarding behaviour changes, we found the most effective period to be 1997-2002, with 100% of the interventions resulting in behaviour changes (9/9). In addition, almost all interventions resulted in improvements in body composition variables: 5 of 6 for body mass index or overweight/obesity prevalence and 6 of 6 for skin-folds. Conclusions: The presence of a higher number of BC does not assure higher effectiveness. Further research is required in this field. At the moment, studies aimed at preventing obesity in children and adolescents have not included social marketing aspects in their interventions in a comprehensive manner.

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Cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic status in African American and Caucasian women

Harrell

Gore

1998

Res. Nurs. Health

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Self-reported cardiovascular risk factors of obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking in African American and Caucasian women in North Carolina were compared, controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). Participants were 1,945 women aged 23 to 53 years; 20.1% African American and 79.9% Caucasian. Of the African American women, 38.8% were obese, 51.7% were inactive, and 31.2% smoked; of the Caucasians, 19.9% were obese, 31.2% were inactive, and 33.8% smoked. SES differed significantly by race (p < .001). Low and middle SES African American women were much more likely than high SES African Americans to be obese, inactive, and smokers. Among Caucasian women, those with low SES had the greatest prevalence for all three risk factors. After controlling for income and education, African American women were more than twice as likely as Caucasian women to be obese and to be inactive, but were only half as likely to smoke.

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Effects of a school-based intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in elementary-school children: The Cardiovascular Health in Children (CHIC) Study

Cited by 158 publications

References 32 publications

Eating habits, activity, lipids and body mass index in Japanese children: The Shiratori Children Study

Eating habits, activity, lipids and body mass index in Japanese children: The Shiratori Children Study

Contribution of social marketing strategies to community-based obesity prevention programmes in children

Cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic status in African American and Caucasian women

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