Effects of a season‐long PST program on gymnastic performance and on psychological skill development

Fournier, Jean; Calmels, Claire; Durand‐Bush, Natalie; Salmela, John H.

doi:10.1080/1612197x.2005.9671758

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…MST research to date has commonly focused on outcomes relating to mental technique use (e.g., Fournier, Calmels, Durand-Bush, & Salmela, 2005), performance (e.g., Thelwell, Greenlees, & Weston, 2006), and psychological correlates of performance variability (e.g., anxiety, confidence; Daw & Burton, 1994). Within the MST (Vealey, 2007), youth development (Danish et al, 2007), and clinical sport psychology (Gardner & Moore, 2006) literatures, however, the promotion of personal well-being is held as a fundamental focus of psychological interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Qualities and Employed Mental Techniques of Young Elite Team Sport Athletes

Holland

Woodcock

Cumming

et al. 2010

Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology

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Research on the psychological characteristics of elite performers has primarily focused on Olympic and World champions; however, the mental attributes of young developing and talented athletes have received less attention. Addressing this, the current study had two aims: (a) to examine the perceptions held by youth athletes regarding the mental qualities they need to facilitate their development and (b) to investigate the mental techniques used by these athletes. Forty-three male youth rugby players participated in a series of focus groups. Inductive content analysis revealed 11 categories of psychological qualities, including enjoyment, responsibility, adaptability, squad spirit, self-aware learner, determination, confidence, optimal performance state, game sense, attentional focus, and mental toughness. Techniques employed included personal performance strategies, reflection on action, taking advantage of a supportive climate, and team-based strategies. Findings are discussed in relation to their implications for mental skills training program development and evaluation in the case of youth elite team sport athletes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Qualities and Employed Mental Techniques of Young Elite Team Sport Athletes

Holland

Woodcock

Cumming

et al. 2010

Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology

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“…Due to its various benefits, imagery features in most mental skills training programs (e.g. Fournier, Calmels, Durand-Bush, & Salmela, 2005;Sheard & Golby, 2006;Thelwell & Greenlees, 2003), where it is commonly used by sports coaches and practitioners as a supplement to athletes' physical practice. However, incorporating imagery into physical practice does not always provide outcomes above and beyond physical practice alone (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Variations in Guided Imagery Interventions Using Movement Imagery Scripts in Sport: A Systematic Review

Cooley

Williams

Burns

et al. 2013

Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity

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Imagery studies have varied widely in the methods used to deliver guided imagery interventions. This variation has led to difficulties comparing studies and uncertainty as to what methods should be followed. A review is needed to evaluate the interventions to date to inform applied recommendations. The aim of this systematic review was to (1) assess the quality of intervention design, (2) investigate the extent to which interventions vary, (3) highlight the different methods that should be considered in the design and implementation of future interventions, and (4) investigate adherence to some of the current theories and models of imagery use. A total of 20 interventions administered between the years 2001 and 2011 were compared over 17 main areas, including imagery ability, duration, script development, delivery method, and adherence to the PETTLEP model and the bio-informational theory. The results of this review found evidence of many inconsistencies between interventions and demonstrate a need for more comprehensive practical guidelines. Recommend-ations are offered for the design of future interventions, including increasing imagery practice time and the use of personalised imagery scripts. Numerous questions are raised to strengthen and direct future research such as the need for continued modification of scripts throughout an intervention.

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“…Following the recommendations made by Vealey (1988), attempts have been made to expand the provision of MST programs to youth athletes (e.g., Fournier, Calmels, Durand-Bush, & Salmela, 2005;Sheard & Golby, 2006;Gucciardi, Gordon, & Dimmock, 2009a). For example, Gucciardi et al (2009a) compared the effectiveness of two MST programs (one traditional and one aimed at developing mental toughness) with three teams of under-15 Australian football players.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Strean (1998) believed that qualitative methodologies lend themselves particularly well to the evaluation of performance enhancement interventions as these take place in the diverse and complex world of sport. However, to date, there have been a limited number of qualitative investigations evaluating the effectiveness of MST programs (e.g., Evans & Hardy, 2002;Fournier et al, 2005;Gucciardi, Gordon, & Dimmock, 2009b), and with the exception of Gucciardi et al (2009b), the qualitative methods employed were somewhat basic (e.g., informal feedback and open-ended questions at the end of questionnaires). Gucciardi et al's (2009b) qualitative investigation assessed athletes', parents' and coaches' perceptions of the results of a mental toughness intervention, and highlighted a number of qualities (e.g., quality of preparation, team cohesion, transferable skills) which had not emerged in their earlier quantitative program evaluation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Mental Skills Training Program for Youth Athletes

Sharp

Woodcock²,

Holland³

et al. 2013

The Sport Psychologist

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The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mental skills training (MST) program for male youth elite rugby athletes. Three focus groups were held with 21 under-16 male rugby athletes and four male coaches involved in the MST program to examine the quality of service delivery, athlete responses to the MST program, the mental qualities used by athletes, and its perceived influence on athlete performance. Following inductive-deductive content analysis, 40 subcategories and 16 categories emerged. Participants believed the MST program to be an interactive, well-planned program that increased athlete understanding of MST methods and awareness of MST strategies to manage rugby performance. Athletes thought it important that their coaches develop a greater knowledge and understanding of MST methods. Finally, athletes perceived the MST skills and methods they learnt through the MST program were transferable to other sports and areas of their life outside of rugby (e.g., school).

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Effects of a season‐long PST program on gymnastic performance and on psychological skill development

Cited by 55 publications

References 31 publications

Mental Qualities and Employed Mental Techniques of Young Elite Team Sport Athletes

Mental Qualities and Employed Mental Techniques of Young Elite Team Sport Athletes

Methodological Variations in Guided Imagery Interventions Using Movement Imagery Scripts in Sport: A Systematic Review

A Qualitative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Mental Skills Training Program for Youth Athletes

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