Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation

Newbold, C. J.; McIntosh, Freda M.; Williams, P.; Losa, Riccardo; Wallace, R. J.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.12.006

Cited by 201 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The authors hypothesised that EOs impaired the attachment of bacteria to the protein substrates in the rumen, but offered no explanation for the absence of any effect of EOs on some protein sources. Surprisingly, Newbold et al (2004) observed no effect on total bacterial growth or ammonia concentration or on the other end products of rumen fermentation in adult sheep treated with 110 mg/day of CBEO. Similarly, Fernandez et al (2005) obtained no response to CBEO dosed at 40 mg/day in semi-continuous flow fermenters.…”

Section: Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Castillejos et al (2006 reported that the mean concentration of 5 mg/l of CBEO in semi-continuous fermentors increased VFA production and reduced deamination, whereas the inhibiting effect on HAP bacteria appeared only at concentrations in the range 35 to 360 mg/l. Newbold et al (2004) noted only slight effects in the rumen fermentation characteristics of sheep fed 110 mg/day, corresponding to a calculated maximum ruminal concentration of about 14 mg/l. Castillejos et al (2006) states that rumen microbes need to be exposed to EOs for at least 6 days to observe changes in VFAs and for 28 days to detect changes in N metabolism.…”

Section: Jouany and Morgavimentioning

confidence: 88%

“…McIntosh et al (2003) and Newbold et al (2004) report that CBEO rich in thymol, gaiacol, eugenol, vanillin and limonene strongly impairs protein metabolism in the rumen through two additive mechanisms: (i) by reducing protein degradation to peptides and (ii) by specifically inhibiting some microbes such as the 'hyper ammonia-producing bacteria' (HAP) (McEwan et al, 2002a) and their deaminase activity (Newbold et al, 2004). However, the effectiveness of CBEO depends on the protein source.…”

Section: Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production

Jouany

Morgavi

2007

Animal

248

162

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The banning in 2006 of the use of antibiotics as animal growth promoters in the European Union has increased demand from producers for alternative feed additives that can be used to improve animal production. This review gives an overview of the most common non-antibiotic feed additives already being used or that could potentially be used in ruminant nutrition. Probiotics, dicarboxylic acids, enzymes and plant-derived products including saponins, tannins and essential oils are presented. The known modes of action and effects of these additives on feed digestion and more especially on rumen fermentations are described. Their utility and limitations in field conditions for modern ruminant production systems and their compliance with the current legislation are also discussed.

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Section: Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Jouany and Morgavimentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production

Jouany

Morgavi

2007

Animal

248

162

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“…Throughout history, herbs and spices and their constituent EO have been used as antiseptics, to preserve food and to enhance flavour (Shelef, 1984). More recently, EO have been used in animal feeds to combat infection and improve productivity (Wallace et al, 2002Newbold et al, 2004;Wallace, 2004;Franz et al, 2010). For example, EO and EO compounds, including thymol, carvacrol and eugenol, reduced the bacterial load in different parts of the gut and lowered the shedding of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens (Mitsch et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the human colon to essential oils

Thapa

Losa²,

Zweifel³

et al. 2012

Microbiology

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The microbiota of the intestinal tract plays an important role in colonic health, mediating many effects of dietary components on colonic health and during enteric infections. In the context of the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria, complementary therapies are required for the prevention and treatment of enteric infections. Here we report the potential application of essential oils (EO) and pure EO compounds to improve human gut health. Nerolidol, thymol, eugenol and geraniol inhibited growth of the pathogens Escherichia coli O157 : H7(VT " ), Clostridium difficile DSM1296, Clostridium perfringens DSM11780, Salmonella typhimurium 3530 and Salmonella enteritidis S1400 at a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) varying from 50 to 500 p.p.m. Most EO showed greater toxicity to pathogens than to commensals. However, the beneficial commensal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was sensitive to EO at similar or even lower concentrations than the pathogens. The EO showed dose-dependent effects on cell integrity, as measured using propidium iodide, of Gram-positive bacteria. These effects were not strongly correlated with growth inhibition, however, suggesting that cell membrane damage occurred but was not the primary cause of growth inhibition. Growth inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria, in contrast, occurred mostly without cell integrity loss. Principal component analysis showed clustering of responses according to bacterial species rather than to the identity of the EO, with the exception that responses to thymol and nerolidol clustered away from the other EO. In conclusion, the selective effects of some EO might have beneficial effects on gut health if chosen carefully for effectiveness against different species.

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“…Plant secondary compounds which might be present in greenhouse wastes could result in methane reduction (1,2) . Therefore, the inhibition of methane production is associated to changes in the ruminal microbiota, which could modify the host immunity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Total IgA and IgG levels in goats fed diets including greenhouse wastes

et al. 2013

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The aim of this work was to study the inclusion of unconventional feedstuffs such as greenhouse horticulture wastes (fruits of tomato and cucumber), in ruminants diet as an alternative to concentrates. Plant secondary compounds which might be present in greenhouse wastes could result in methane reduction (1,2) . Therefore, the inhibition of methane production is associated to changes in the ruminal microbiota, which could modify the host immunity.Four adult dry non-pregnant rumen-fistulated Murciano-Granadina goats were used in a 4 · 4 Latin square experimental design. Four 39-d trials were carried out to study four experimental diets: alfalfa hay plus concentrate in a 1 :1 ratio (diet AC) or 1 :0.5 plus feed blocks including wastes of tomato (diet ACT) and cucumber (diet ACC) fruits or barley grain (diet ACB). Feed blocks were supplied ad libitum, resulting in average intakes of 203 (SE 72.9), 179 (SE 39.7) and 144 (SE 68.1) g of fresh matter/animal/d, respectively, for feed blocks based on tomato, cucumber and barley, but total DM intake was not modified (P = 0.605) by diet. Average goat's body weight (BW) was not affected (P = 0.310) by diet (Table 1). From day 36 to 39 of each trial animals were moved to a set of four open circuit respiration chambers for methane emissions measurement. To assess the effect on the immune system total IgA and IgG concentrations were measured in plasma by ELISA.The replacement of 50 % of concentrate with feed blocks including tomato or cucumber wastes did not have any significant effect either in total IgA (P = 0.906) or IgG (P = 0. 983) antibody concentrations in plasma. Diet including tomato-based feed blocks decreased (P < 0.001) methane emission by 33 % compared to the other experimental diets (Figure). Table. Average body weight (kg), total DM intake (g) and total IgA (ng/mL) and IgG (mg/mL) antibody concentrations in plasma of goats fed the experimental diets (n = 4) Our study suggests that the inclusion of greenhouse wastes in goat's diet did not promote changes on the Ig levels in plasma although diets including tomato feed blocks showed a strong antimethanogenic effect.

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Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation

Cited by 201 publications

References 23 publications

Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production

Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production

Sensitivity of pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the human colon to essential oils

Total IgA and IgG levels in goats fed diets including greenhouse wastes

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