“…For example, dietary nucleotide exerted positive effects on growth performance of Astacus leptodactylus and L. vannamei (Andrino et al, 2012; Safari et al, 2014), β‐glucan, mannan‐oligosaccharide and astaxanthin could promote the growth of A. japonicas (Bai et al, 2013). CpG ODNs, a well‐known vaccine adjuvant in mammals, has also been used as a potential immunostimulant in aquatic animal (Kang & Kim, 2012; Kwon & Kang, 2016; Sun, Yue, et al, 2013), and some previous studies have reported that the sustained CpG ODNs stimulation could induce immunological tolerance (Mellor et al, 2005; Sun, Yue, et al, 2013; Volpi et al, 2013). However, whether the sustained CpG ODNs stimulation could affect the growth of aquatic animals was still unknown.…”