Effects of a Virtual Reality–Based Mirror Therapy Program on Improving Sensorimotor Function of Hands in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Hsu, Hsiu‐Yun; Kuo, Li-Chieh; Lin, Yu‐Ching; Su, Fong Chin; Yang, Tai-Hua; Lin, Che-Wei

doi:10.1177/15459683221081430

Cited by 35 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Immersive VR systems have been developed to carry out mirror therapy with differing setups and rehabilitation protocols [25][26][27][28][29][30][31], including two described systems papers without any study results [27,28]. Weber and colleagues [25] presented a system which uses the Oculus Rift and its accompanying hand controllers to carry out mirror therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and psychophysical effects of immersive virtual reality-based mirror therapy

Heinrich

Morkisch²,

Langlotz³

et al. 2022

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Background Virtual reality (VR) has been used as a technological medium to deliver mirror therapy interventions with people after stroke in numerous applications with promising results. The recent emergence of affordable, off-the-shelf head-mounted displays (like the Oculus Rift or HTC Vive) has opened the possibility for novel and cost-effective approaches for immersive mirror therapy interventions. We have developed one such system, ART-VR, which allows people after stroke to carry out a clinically-validated mirror therapy protocol in an immersive virtual environment and within a clinical setting. Methods A case cohort of 11 people with upper limb paresis following first time stroke at an in-patient rehabilitation facility received three interventions over a one week period. Participants carried out the BeST mirror therapy protocol using our immersive VR system as an adjunct therapy to their standard rehabilitation program. Our clinical feasibility study investigated intervention outcomes, virtual reality acceptance and user experience. Results The results show that the combination of an immersive VR system and mirror therapy protocol is feasible for clinical use. 9 out of 11 participants showed some improvement of their affected hand after the intervention. The vast majority of the participants (9/11) reported experiencing some psycho-physical effects, such as tingling or paraesthesia, in the affected limb during the intervention. Conclusions Our findings show that immersive VR-based mirror therapy is feasible and shows effects comparable to those of conventional mirror therapy. Trial Registration Trial was registered with the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN34011164) on December 3, 2021, retrospectively

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and psychophysical effects of immersive virtual reality-based mirror therapy

Heinrich

Morkisch²,

Langlotz³

et al. 2022

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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show abstract

“…The research found from the last 5 years is presented in the tables below (Tables 1 and 2). The longest study involving patients lasted 12 weeks [50], the shortest 2 weeks [48,49]. Only two studies included more than 50 patients [44,50].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longest study involving patients lasted 12 weeks [50], the shortest 2 weeks [48,49]. Only two studies included more than 50 patients [44,50]. Four studies involved less than 20 patients in a research project [45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersion Therapy with Head-Mounted Display for Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb after Stroke—Review

Marek

Zubrycki

Miller

2022

Sensors

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Immersive virtual therapy technology is a new method that uses head-mounted displays for rehabilitation purposes. It offers a realistic experience that puts the user in a virtual reality. This new type of therapy is used in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Many patients after this disease have complications related to the upper extremities that limit independence in their everyday life, which affects the functioning of society. Conventional neurological rehabilitation can be supplemented by the use of immersive virtual therapy. The system allows patients with upper limb dysfunction to perform a motor and task-oriented training in virtual reality that is individually tailored to their performance. The complete immersion therapy itself is researched and evaluated by medical teams to determine the suitability for rehabilitation of the upper limb after a stroke. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the latest research (2019–2022) on immersive virtual reality with head-mounted displays using in rehabilitation of the upper extremities of stroke patients.

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“…Outcomes were suggestive of short-term pain reduction, however, long-term effects are unknown. In studies of other conditions, immersive, interactive VR is a useful tool to prompt sensorimotor changes without active use of the affected limb, 83 and to influence nociceptive regulation via distraction. 84 More studies exploring its use and clinical feasibility with CRPS are required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Person-centred management of upper limb complex regional pain syndrome: an integrative review of non-pharmacological treatment

et al. 2023

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Introduction Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is most common in the upper limb and associated with high disability. The purpose of this review was to critically appraise and synthesise literature exploring non-pharmacological treatment for upper limb CRPS, to guide upper-limb-specific management. Methods Using an integrative review methodology, 13 databases were searched to identify all published studies on non-pharmacological management of upper limb CRPS. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool was used to provide quality ratings for included studies, and analysis employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Results From 236 abstracts reviewed, 113 full texts were read, and 38 articles selected for data extraction. Designs included single case ( n = 14), randomised controlled trial ( n = 8), prospective cohort ( n = 8), case series ( n = 4), retrospective ( n = 3), and mixed methods ( n = 1). Interventions were categorised as sensory retraining ( n = 13), kinesiotherapy ( n = 7), manual therapies ( n = 7), physical modalities ( n = 6), and interdisciplinary treatment programmes ( n = 5). All studies measured pain intensity, and most ( n = 24) measured physical parameters such as strength, movement, or perceptual abilities. Few measured patient-rated function ( n = 13) or psychological factors ( n = 4). Quality ratings ranged from 30% to 93%, with a median of 60%. Conclusion Methodological quality of non-pharmacological treatment approaches for upper limb CRPS is overall poor. Movement, desensitisation, and graded functional activity remain the mainstays of intervention. However, despite the impact of CRPS on wellbeing and function, psychological factors and functional outcomes are infrequently addressed. Further robust research is required to determine which aspects of treatment have the greatest influence on which symptoms, and when and how these should be introduced and progressed.

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Effects of a Virtual Reality–Based Mirror Therapy Program on Improving Sensorimotor Function of Hands in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 35 publications

References 49 publications

Feasibility and psychophysical effects of immersive virtual reality-based mirror therapy

Feasibility and psychophysical effects of immersive virtual reality-based mirror therapy

Immersion Therapy with Head-Mounted Display for Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb after Stroke—Review

Person-centred management of upper limb complex regional pain syndrome: an integrative review of non-pharmacological treatment

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