Effects of a water‐soluble phytostanol ester on plasma cholesterol levels and red blood cell fragility in hamsters

Ebine, Naoyuki; Xiao-ming, Jia; Demonty, Isabelle; Wang, Yanwen; Jones, Peter J.H.

doi:10.1007/s11745-005-1373-5

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In the same rat model, osmotic fragility was also increased after canola oil consumption (Naito et al, 2000(Naito et al, , 2003. However, these effects were not found in hamsters fed plant stanol esters (Ebine et al, 2005). In contrast, osmotic fragility was even improved in a study with apolipoprotein E-deficient Erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on statin treatment A de Jong et al mice during plant sterol consumption (Moghadasian et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant sterol or stanol consumption does not affect erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on statin treatment

Jong

Mensink

2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To assess the effects of plant sterol or stanol ester consumption on their incorporation into erythrocytes and their effects on osmotic fragility of red blood cells. Design: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial. Subjects and intervention: Forty-one subjects on stable statin treatment -who already have increased serum plant sterol and stanol concentrations -first received for 4 weeks a control margarine. For the next 16 weeks, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three possible interventions. Eleven subjects continued with control margarine, 15 subjects with plant sterol ester enriched and 15 subjects with plant stanol ester-enriched margarine. Daily plant sterol or stanol intake was 2.5 g. Erythrocyte haemolysis was measured spectrophotometrically at five different saline concentrations. Results: Despite significant (P ¼ 0.004) increases of, respectively, 42 and 59% in cholesterol-standardized serum sitosterol and campesterol concentrations in the plant sterol group as compared to the control group, campesterol levels in the red blood cells did not change (P ¼ 0.196). Osmotic fragility did not change significantly (P ¼ 0.757) in the plant sterol and plant stanol groups as compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that plant sterol and stanol ester consumption for 16 weeks does not change osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in statin-treated patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant sterol or stanol consumption does not affect erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on statin treatment

Jong

Mensink

2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…One could argue that the absence of effect on N-HDL-C could be accounted for by the fact that hamsters carry a larger proportion of plasma cholesterol in HDL versus Non-HDL particles. Nonetheless, we would have expected to see changes in TC and N-HDL-C similar to those seen in numerous studies examining the effect of LDL-C lowering substances in hamsters including phytosterols, statins and others (Otto et al, 1995;Field et al, 2004;Doggrell, 2005;Ebine et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties of sugar cane policosanols in hamsters and humans

Kassis

2008

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Atherosclerosis prevention is now a major focus of the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. Sugar cane policosanols (SCP) have gained increasing popularity over the last decade as a result of numerous studies conducted in Cuba considering SCP as the natural alternative to statin drugs. However, independent research on policosanols was not able to replicate cholesterol reductions reported by Cuban laboratories. No independent study to date has examined the cholesterol-lowering effect and antioxidant capacity of original SCP in humans. In addition, since independent research was criticized because of the use of alternative policosanol formulations, the source and composition of policosanol mixtures are now at the core of the policosanol controversy.The aim of the present thesis project was first to compare the composition and cholesterol-lowering effects of different SCP preparations in hamsters, and secondly to test the cholesterol-lowering efficacy, mechanism of action and antioxidant capacity of the original Cuban SCP in hypercholesterolemic humans.Study 1: Forty-eight male hamsters were randomly assigned to 4 groups for a period of 4 weeks (i) non-cholesterol control, (ii) cholesterol control, (iii) original SCP and (iv) alternative SCP. Hamsters were sacrificed and blood was collected at the end of the feeding period for lipid measurements.Study 2: Twenty-one hypercholesterolemic volunteers consumed 10 mg/day of SCP or a placebo for a period of 28 days in a crossover trial. Plasma lipid levels and LDL oxidation were measured at the start and end of supplementation phases. Cholesterol absorption and synthesis were assessed using single isotope single tracer technique and deuterium incorporation respectively.There was no significant difference in cholesterol-lowering efficacy between hamsters in the original and alternative SCP groups relative to control. Similarly, in hypercholesterolemic humans, original SCP supplementation did not significantly improve lipid parameters and no change in cholesterol absorption or synthesis was observed relative to control. In vivo assessment of LDL oxidation showed no significant changes in oxidized LDL concentration relative to baseline and control.

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“…The non-HDL-C levels were reduced by 39 and 54% in animals supplemented with 0.71% or 1.43% (w/w) FM-VP4, respectively. Moreover, plasma triglyceride levels were reduced by 42% and 49%, respectively, compared to hamsters that were fed un-esterified stanols (159,174). Interestingly, the cholesterol-lowering effects of FM-VP4 were associated with a significant reduction in abdominal fat and less body weight gain in diet-induced obese mice (178) and hamsters (174 Results from clinical trials in humans have shown that administration of FM-VP4 at a dose of 400 mg/day reduced LDL-C by 6.5% compared with baseline levels over four weeks' treatment period.…”

Section: Lipid-lowering Effects and Anti-atherosclerotic Activity Of mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Although consumption of plant sterols have been associated with increased plant sterol levels in erythrocyte membranes, no detrimental effects have been reported in humans with normal sterol metabolism (157,(159)(160)(161). However, increased RBC fragility with episodes of haemolysis have been reported in patients with sitosterolemia (162,163).…”

Section: Short and Long Term Safety And Toxicity Of Sterols And Stanolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence from previous studies has suggested that FM-VP4 is more effective in lowering plasma cholesterol levels than plant sterols/ stanols (159,174,175). In an early study, Apo E-deficient mice have been used to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects and anti-atherosclerotic properties of FM-VP4.…”

Section: A Promising Semisynthetic Stanol: Disodium Ascorbyl Phytostamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols

2015

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-Consumption of plant sterols/ stanols has long been demonstrated to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the lipid-lowering activity and antiatherogenic effects of natural and semi-synthetic plant sterols/ stanols based on evidence from cell-culture studies, animal studies and clinical trials. Additionally, this review highlights certain molecular mechanisms by which plant sterols/ stanols lower plasma cholesterol levels with a special emphasis on factors that affect the cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterols/stanols. The crystalline nature and the poor oil solubility of these natural products could be important factors that limit their cholesterol-lowering efficiency. Several attempts have been made to improve the cholesterol-lowering activity by enhancing the bioavailability of crystalline sterols and stanols. Approaches involved reduction of the crystal size and/or esterification with fatty acids from vegetable or fish oils. However, the most promising approach in this context is the chemical modification of plant sterols /stanols into water soluble disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphates analogue by esterification with ascorbic acid. This novel semi-synthetic stanol derivative has improved efficacy over natural plant sterols/ stanols and can provide additional benefits by combining the cholesterol-lowering properties of plant stanols with the antioxidant potential of ascorbic acid.

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Effects of a water‐soluble phytostanol ester on plasma cholesterol levels and red blood cell fragility in hamsters

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Plant sterol or stanol consumption does not affect erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on statin treatment

Plant sterol or stanol consumption does not affect erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on statin treatment

Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties of sugar cane policosanols in hamsters and humans

Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols

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