Effects of a Wax-Based Warm Mix Additive on Lower Compaction Temperatures

Wasiuddin, Nazimuddin M.; Saha, Rajan; King, William

doi:10.1061/41165(397)472

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In addition, improvement in the thermal stability of nanocomposites can be attributed to the barrier effect of layered silicate structure and sasobit which retained the small molecules, generated during the thermal decomposition process thereby preventing a quick heat expansion and limiting any further degradation. Long chain length of the hydrocarbons with 45-115 carbon atoms in sasobit can extend the plastic limit and increase the range of melting temperature in blends [12,17,18]. Besides, the melting temperature of sasobit is 100 and at tempratures below its melting point, sasobit forms a lattice structure in blends which can provide better stability within the matrix and prevents the movement of molecules in the modified blend and thus increase in the viscosity of blend at low and intermediate temperatures [11].…”

Section: Figure 8 Comparison Between Differential Scanning Calorimetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Phenol Novolac Epoxy Resin and Unsaturated Polyester Using Sasobit and Silica Nanoparticles

Mousavi

Hashemi

Jahandideh

et al. 2017

Polymers from Renewable Resources

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Nanocomposites containing phenol novolac epoxy resin (PNER) were modified by unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and then reinforced using sasobit and silica nanoparticles at different filler loadings via a multi-step manufacturing procedure. Afterward, effect of sasobit and silica loadings either on mechanical and thermal properties or on morphology of nanocomposites were examined. Results showed that increase in silica nanoparticles loading can improve both thermal and mechanical properties, but increase in silica loading more than 3 wt% can lead to decrease in the mechanical properties. In this case, addition of sasobit along with silica not only can improve the mechanical and thermal properties but also it can lead to improve in dispersion quality and morphology of nanocomposites. Eventually, with affordable and environmentally friendly materials such as sasobit, either production procedure or the overall quality and properties of nanocomposites can be improved.

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Section: Figure 8 Comparison Between Differential Scanning Calorimetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Phenol Novolac Epoxy Resin and Unsaturated Polyester Using Sasobit and Silica Nanoparticles

Mousavi

Hashemi

Jahandideh

et al. 2017

Polymers from Renewable Resources

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“…Generally, commercial waxes are use as a flow improver which can reduce the viscosity. Therefore a lower construction temperature can be achieved [15][16][17]. Nevertheless, it has different effects on rheological properties of asphalt binder and mixture performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rheological Evaluation of High Reclaimed Asphalt Content Modified with Warm Mix Additive

Gungat

Hamzah

2015

InCIEC 2014

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High temperature for producing reclaimed asphalt mixture becomes the main concern in recycling as this will further age the reclaimed asphalt binder. Highly stiff binder causes workability and compatibility problems, hence affects the desirable performance of pavement. Warm mix asphalt additive is able to decrease the production temperature by reducing the binder viscosity. The synergy of warm mix asphalt and reclaimed asphalt mixtures resulted in a more environmental and energy savings benefits. The effects of a warm mix additive on the rheological properties of conventional asphalt binder containing a high proportion of recovered reclaimed asphalt binder were evaluated. Reclaimed asphalt were obtained from two sources and modified with a warm mix additive named RH. The recovered binders were blended with conventional binder at proportion of 0, 30 and 40 % and then tested for viscosity, stiffness and frequency dependency. Fuel usage and greenhouse gas emission were estimated based on the required fuel to heat up the aggregate and binder from ambient temperature up to the mixing temperature. The addition of RH improves the flow of binders by reducing the viscosity, thus decreases the construction temperature. The initial stiffness of reclaimed asphalt binders influences the effects of RH on the complex modulus and phase angle. The complex modulus increases while the phase angle decreases as the frequency increases, which indicates the binders have become stiffer. The differences in the magnitude of complex modulus are more noticeable at lower frequency and it gets close to each other at the higher frequency. This indicates that in the long run, the performance of modified reclaimed asphalt binders will be slightly better than the conventional hot mix asphalt. The warm mix additive and reclaimed asphalt composite in this study has the potential to reduce the fuel usage and green house gas (GHG) emission by 21 %.

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“…On the ground surface, contamination is dominated by large piles of milled mine waste, termed chat, that is mostly composed of chert and traces of mined metals (McKnight and Fischer, 1970, Dames and Moore, 1993, Beyer et al, 2005. Chat piles within the PMF can reach 60 m in height (Wasiuddin et al, 2010;Wasiuddin et al, 2011;Johnson et al, 2016) and cover over 35 million cubic meters of surface area, amounting to nearly 68 million metric tons of waste. Pb, Zn, and Cd are heavy metals found in the highest concentration in chat, but traces of other hazardous metals (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in microbial community structure correlates with heavy-metal contamination in soils decades after mining ceased

Beattie

Henke

Campa

et al. 2018

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

133

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Microorganisms play vital roles in Earth's biogeochemical cycles. Identifying disturbances in microbial communities due to anthropogenic contamination can provide insights into the health of ecosystems. Picher, Oklahoma, was the site of large-scale mining operations for Pb, Zn, and other heavy metals until the mid-1950s, operating within the Tri-State Mining District (TSMD) of Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma. Although mining ceased decades ago, high concentrations of heavy metals (>1000 ppm) remain in area soil and water systems. Previously, we mapped metal concentrations on samples collected from mine tailings in Picher and along cardinal-direction transects within an 8.05-km radius of the town. To elucidate changes in microbial community structure due to regional metal contamination, 16S rRNA gene sequences and qPCR calculations of total Bacteria and Archaea were analyzed against these metal concentrations. Bacteria were negatively and significantly correlated with Pb, Cd, Zn, and Mg; however, Archaea was only significantly and positively correlated with pH. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed significant differences in microbial communities of chat and west transect samples. Comparison of soil chemistrywith community structure indicated that Al, Pb, Cd, and Zn significantly impacted community composition and distribution of individual OTUs. Mapping the distribution of heavy-metal contamination and microbial communities in these soils represents the first step in understanding effects of long-term, heavy-metal contamination at a basic trophic level.

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Effects of a Wax-Based Warm Mix Additive on Lower Compaction Temperatures

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Modification of Phenol Novolac Epoxy Resin and Unsaturated Polyester Using Sasobit and Silica Nanoparticles

Modification of Phenol Novolac Epoxy Resin and Unsaturated Polyester Using Sasobit and Silica Nanoparticles

Rheological Evaluation of High Reclaimed Asphalt Content Modified with Warm Mix Additive

Variation in microbial community structure correlates with heavy-metal contamination in soils decades after mining ceased

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