Effects of Abomasal Vegetable Oil Infusion on Splanchnic Nutrient Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows

Benson, J. A.; Reynolds, C.K.; Aikman, P. C.; Lupoli, B.; Beever, D. E.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74255-0

Cited by 60 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The liver uptake of propionate relative to the net release from the PDV, comprising the fore stomachs and intestines, has been observed to be high around 90% to 95% (Reynolds et al, 2003; Figure 4b) as also observed in established lactations and other ruminants (Reynolds et al, 1988a;Bergman, 1990;Benson et al, 2002). Further, the liver propionate uptake relative to net PDV release was relatively constant during the periparturient period (P lin.…”

Section: Liver Uptake Of Glucogenic Vfamentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The relatively slow post partum increase of expression of mRNA for propionyl-CoA carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in liver tissue (Greenfield et al, 2000;Aschenbach et al, 2010) may be limiting the liver uptake of propionate. It could also be speculated that the post partum increase in liver metabolism of non-esterified fatty acids has negative effects on liver uptake of propionate; however, Benson et al (2002) did not observe changes in liver uptake of propionate in response to increased liver uptake of nonesterified fatty acids from abomasally infused vegetable oils. Yet, this does not preclude increased non-glucogenic liver use of propionate.…”

Section: Liver Uptake Of Glucogenic Vfamentioning

confidence: 84%

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Precursors for liver gluconeogenesis in periparturient dairy cows

Larsen

Kristensen

2013

Animal

101

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The review is based on a compiled data set from studies quantifying liver release of glucose concomitant with uptake of amino acids (AA) and other glucogenic precursors in periparturient dairy cows. It has become dogma that AAs are significant contributors to liver gluconeogenesis in early lactation, presumably accounting for the observed lack of glucogenic precursors to balance estimated glucose need. Until recently, there has been paucity in quantitative data on liver nutrient metabolism in the periparturient period. Propionate is the quantitatively most important glucogenic precursor throughout the periparturient period. However, the immediate post partum increment in liver release of glucose is not followed by an equivalent increment in propionate uptake, because of the lower rate of increment in feed intake compared with the rate of increment in requirements for milk synthesis. The quantitative data on liver metabolism of AA do not support the hypothesis that the rapid post partum increase in net liver release of glucose is supported by increased utilisation of AA for gluconeogenesis. Only alanine is likely to contribute to liver release of glucose through its role in the inter-organ transfer of nitrogen from catabolised AA. AAs seem to be prioritised for anabolic purposes, indicating the relevance of investigating effects of supplying additional protein to post partum dairy cows. Combining data from quantitative and qualitative experimental techniques on L-lactate metabolism point to the conclusion that the quantitatively most important adaptation of metabolism to support the increased glucose demand in the immediate post partum period is endogenous recycling of glucogenic carbon through lactate. This is mediated by a dual site of adaptation of metabolism in the liver and in the peripheral tissues, where the liver affinity for L-lactate is increased and glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues is shifted towards L-lactate formation over complete oxidation.

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Section: Liver Uptake Of Glucogenic Vfamentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Liver Uptake Of Glucogenic Vfamentioning

confidence: 84%

Precursors for liver gluconeogenesis in periparturient dairy cows

Larsen

Kristensen

2013

Animal

101

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“…The butyrate fermentation following intake of grass with high sugar content might be part of the explanation for the typical decreasing milk production and milk fat production experienced when cows start to graze in the spring. In an experiment with intraruminal infusion of Figure 4 Portal-drained visceral (PDV) extraction of arterial urea-nitrogen in lactating dairy cows plotted against the arterial concentration of urea-N. Means from the following studies were used to establish the regression line (R 2 5 0.50) closed square (Reynolds et al, 2003); closed triangle up (Benson et al, 2002); closed triangle down (Blouin et al, 2002); closed diamond (Delgado-Elorduy et al, 2002a); closed hexagon (Delgado-Elorduy et al, 2002b); open square (Casse et al, 1994); open triangle down (Bach et al, 2000); open triangle up (Berthiaume et al, 2006); closed circle (Reynolds et al, 1988b); and open circle (Raggio et al, 2004). The mean PDV extraction of urea-N observed in the present study is indicated as an open diamond.…”

Section: Hourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea and short-chain fatty acids metabolism in Holstein cows fed a low-nitrogen grass-based diet

Røjen

Lund

Kristensen

2008

Animal

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Three ruminally cannulated and multicatheterised lactating dairy cows were used to investigate the effect of different supplement strategies to fresh clover grass on urea and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism in a zero-grazing experiment with 24-h blood and ruminal samplings. Fresh clover grass was cut every morning and offered from 0800 to 1500 h. Maize silage was fed at 1530 h. The three treatments, arranged in a Latin square, differed by timing of feeding rolled barley and soya-bean hulls relative to fresh clover grass. All diets had the same overall composition. Treatments were soya-bean hulls fed at 0700 h and barley fed at 1530 h (SAM), barley fed at 0700 h and soya-bean hulls fed at 1530 h (BAM), and both soya-bean hulls and barley fed at 1530 h (SBPM). The grass had an unexpectedly low content of crude protein (12.7%) and the cows were severely undersupplied with rumen degradable protein. The treatment effects were numerically small; greater arterial ammonia concentration, net portal flux of ammonia and net hepatic flux of urea during part of the day were observed when no supplementary carbohydrate was fed before grass feeding. A marked diurnal variation in ruminal fermentation was observed and grass feeding increased ruminal concentrations of propionate and butyrate. The net portal fluxes of propionate, butyrate, isovalerate and valerate as well as the net hepatic uptake of propionate, butyrate, valerate and caproate increased after feeding at 0700 h. The hepatic extraction of butyrate showed a relatively large depression with grass feeding with nadir at 1200 to 1330 h. The increased net portal absorption and the decreased hepatic extraction resulted in an approximately six-fold increase in the arterial blood concentration of butyrate. The gut entry rate of urea accounted for 70 6 10% of the net hepatic production of urea. Saliva contributed to 14% of the total amount of urea recycled to the gut. Urea recycling to the gut was equivalent to 58% of the dietary nitrogen intake. Despite the severe undersupply of rumen degradable protein, the portaldrained viscera did not extract more than 4.3% of the urea supplied with arterial blood. This value is in line with the literature values for cows fed diets only moderately deficient in rumen degradable protein and indicates that cows maximise urea transfer across gut epithelia even when the diet is moderately deficient in rumen degradable protein.

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“…As concentrações de glicose circulante possibilitam aos receptores neurais no eixo hipotalâmico (centro da fome e da saciedade) o termino das refeições, conhecido como controle químico (BENSON et al, 2002 O consumo de proteína bruta (PB) apresentou efeito linear decrescente (P<0,05). Para cada um % de GB incluída na dieta houve uma redução de 0,010 kg de PB dia -¹, sendo essa resposta devido à redução do concentrado farelado na composição das dietas com maiores teores de GB, que em sua composição era isenta de PB.…”

Section: Consumounclassified

Glicerina bruta na dieta de novilhas Nelore em pastejo no período seco

Silva

et al. 2015

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de glicerina bruta (GB) na dieta de novilhas Nelore em pastejo de Brachiaria brizantha no período da seca, sobre o consumo e o coeficiente de digestibilidade dos nutrientes, desempenho, índices reprodutivos e viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizadas 60 novilhas da raça Nelore, com peso médio inicial de 285,89 ± 18,74 kg e aproximadamente 19 ± 2 meses de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco dietas contendo 0,0; 4,0; 8,0; 12,0 e 16,0% de inclusão de GB na dieta. O consumo médio diário de matéria seca (MS) apresentou efeito linear decrescente (P<0,05), sendo que para um % de inclusão de GB houve redução de 0,097 kg da ingestão de MS dia -¹. O coeficiente de digestibilidade da MS da dieta, não apresentou efeito significativo (P>0,05), com valor médio de 50,93%. O ganho médio diário (GMD) das novilhas apresentou efeito linear decrescente (P<0,05). Para cada um % de GB incluída na dieta, foi reduzido 0,0065 kg de ganho dia -¹. Os índices reprodutivos (taxa de prenhes e doses de sêmen por prenhes), não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pela inclusão de GB na dieta, com valores médios de 75% e 1,29 doses prenhes -¹, respectivamente. Os indicadores de viabilidade econômica, não foram positivos a curto e em médio prazo. Para suplementações acima de 0,7% do PC em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha com baixa qualidade nutricional, não se recomenda a inclusão de GB, pois a sua inclusão em qualquer nível reduz o ganho de peso em torno de 15%. Mas, a depender do custo deste coproduto, pode-se inclui-lo em até 16% na dieta, mesmo considerando esta redução no desempenho. Palavras-chave: Eficiência alimentar, ganho de peso, glicerol, renda bruta, suplementação, taxa de prenhes AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) in the diet of Nellore heifers grazing Brachiaria brizantha during the dry season, on nutrients intake and digestibility, performance,

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Effects of Abomasal Vegetable Oil Infusion on Splanchnic Nutrient Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

Precursors for liver gluconeogenesis in periparturient dairy cows

Precursors for liver gluconeogenesis in periparturient dairy cows

Urea and short-chain fatty acids metabolism in Holstein cows fed a low-nitrogen grass-based diet

Glicerina bruta na dieta de novilhas Nelore em pastejo no período seco

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