Effects of acetylcholine and cholinergic antagonists on the activity of nucleus of the solitary tract neurons

Abstract

Previously we have demonstrated that microinjection of acetylcholine (ACh) into the intermediate nucleus of the solitary tract (iNTS) induced sympatho-inhibition combined with a decrease in the phrenic nerve activity (PNA), whereas in the commissural NTS (cNTS), ACh did not change sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), but increased the PNA. In view of these demonstrated distinctive effects of ACh in different subnuclei of the NTS the current studies were undertaken to examine, using patch clamp techniques, the specific effects of ACh on the excitability of individual neurons in the NTS, as well as the neuropharmacology of these actions. Coronal slices of the brainstem containing either cNTS or iNTS subnuclei were used, and whole cell patch clamp recordings obtained from individual neurons in these two subnuclei. In cNTS, 58% of recorded neurons (n=12) demonstrated rapid reversible depolarizations in response to ACh (10mM), effects which were inhibited by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (10μM), but unaffected by the muscarinic antagonist atropine (10μM). Similarly, bath application of ACh depolarized 76% of iNTS neurons (n=17), although in this case both atropine and mecamylamine reduced the ACh-induced depolarization. These data demonstrate that ACh depolarizes cNTS neurons through actions on nicotinic receptors, while depolarizing effects in iNTS are apparently mediated by both receptors.

Muscarinic receptors in energy homeostasis: Physiology and pharmacology

“…The mAChR expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) has mainly been reported in binding studies, showing that a population of M2 is present in cell membrane preparations isolated from the sub‐postremal and intermediate NTS regions in Sprague‐Dawley rats . Functional studies confirm the presence of mAChRs in NTS, using the whole cell patch clamp technique; however, the specific mAChR subtypes involved in the depolarization of the NTS neurons were not identified in these studies . A common challenge associated with anatomical mapping of GPCRs is the lack of specific (and validated) antibodies.…”

Inhibitory modulation of the cough reflex by acetylcholine in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii of the rabbit

“…In particular, it is involved in the regulation of both cardiovascular (e.g. Shihara et al, 1999;Furuya et al, 2014Furuya et al, , 2017Zoccal et al, 2014) and respiratory activity (e.g. Haxhiu et al, 1984;Bianchi et al, 1995;Shao and Feldman, 2000, 2001, 2002Shao et al, 2008;Boutin et al, 2017) through both nAChRs and mAChRs.…”