Effects of Acid Aerosol Exposure on the Surface Properties of Airway Mucus

Lee, M. M.; Schürch, Samuel; Roth, S. H.; Jiang, X.; Cheng, S.; Bjarnason, Stephen; Green, F. H. Y.

doi:10.3109/01902149509031766

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…SCHÜRCH et al [26] demonstrated that surface tension in the conducting airways of hamsters is approximately 30 mN·m -1 using an elegant in situ microdroplet method previously described by the same group [27,28]. Similar surface tensions were confirmed for rat and guinea-pig tracheae [29]. Differences in the fatty acid profiles of tracheal and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from sheep suggest local synthesis and release of phospholipids by tracheal epithelial cells [30].…”

mentioning

confidence: 49%

The role of pulmonary surfactant in obstructive airways disease

Hohlfeld

Fabel²,

Hamm³

1997

Eur Respir J

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Pulmonary surfactant research has an increasing impact on treatment considerations in adult respiratory disorders, above all acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Obstructive airways diseases have only been sporadically addressed in this respect. In the last decade, direct and circumstantial evidence for surfactant as a contributing factor in the regulation of airway calibre has emerged.Morphologically, a bronchiolar surfactant layer has been demonstrated, whereby the airways are mostly supplied by alveolar surfactant components via the mucociliary escalator. Functionally, prevention of airway film collapse and collapse of the airway walls are important surfactant properties in maintaining airway stability. In addition to its surface activity, airway surfactant improves bronchial clearance and regulates airway liquid balance, thus indirectly modulating airway wall thickness and airway diameter. Surfactant has furthermore been shown to modulate the function of respiratory inflammatory cells. Its immunomodulatory activity includes suppression of cytokine secretion and transcription factor activation. This may be of importance in the inflammatory network of asthma.Thus, dysfunction of surfactant in obstructive lung disease might be one of the mechanisms leading to increased airway resistance, which is commonly thought to be due to narrowing of airways under humoral and nervous control. In animal models of asthma, surfactant dysfunction was demonstrated, which was possibly due to protein inhibition. Furthermore, surfactant therapy seems to be capable of preventing allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. Human studies on surfactant impairment in obstructive airways diseases are still scarce but the data available are consistent with animal studies.Antiobstructive pharmacotherapy, mainly with corticosteroids, might influence and improve airway surfactant balance, but the exact mechanisms and the overall effect of pharmacotherapy on surfactant function in obstructive airways disease has to be further elucidated. Our knowledge about the role of pulmonary surfactant in obstructive airways disease is still limited, but there is convincing evidence that pulmonary surfactant plays a role in keeping the airways open.

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confidence: 49%

The role of pulmonary surfactant in obstructive airways disease

Hohlfeld

Fabel²,

Hamm³

1997

Eur Respir J

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“…This is in agreement with in vivo measurements in horse and sheep tracheae Schü rch et al, 1990), where surface tension reducing material (surfactant) has been demonstrated at the air/liquid interface. By ultrastructural analyses, an osmiophilic film at the air/liquid interface has been demonstrated in either small or large conducting airways in different species Gil and Weibel, 1971;Lee et al, 1995). The location of inhaled polystyrene microspheres-they were submersed in the aqueous phase and closely associated with epithelial cells-is further evidence for the existence of a surface active film.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ultrastructure of the aqueous lining layer in hamster airways: Is there a two-phase system?

Geiser

Hof

Siegenthaler

et al. 1997

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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“…The continuous aqueous phase lies adjacent to the airway epithelial cells and has a relatively low viscosity. Above this periciliary layer, a gel phase has been postulated to occur, whose thickness, continuity, and very existence in different airway compartments and species are still disputed (12,24,33,40). In small airways, the presence of a thick mucus layer has never been demonstrated (12,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface-lining layer of airways in cystic fibrosis mice

Geiser

Bastian

2003

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Lung disease is the major cause of death in individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF), with abnormal lung-lining fluids occurring as early as early infancy. However, the precise etiology of CF lung disease is still poorly understood. We investigated the structural components of the airway surface-lining layer in targeted Cftrtm1HGU/ Cftrtm1HGU mutant mice and non-CF controls. Five lungs per animal group were fixed by intravascular triple perfusion. The ultrastructure of the surface-lining layer of large and small intrapulmonary conducting airways was systematically investigated according to a standard protocol in transmission and scanning electron micrographs. In both animal groups, the surface-lining layer consisted of an aqueous phase and an osmiophilic film of variable thickness at the air-fluid interface. The aqueous phase usually did extend <1 μm beyond the uppermost tips of the epithelial cells in both animal groups. The aqueous phase of the small airways was slightly more electron dense in Cftrtm1HGU/ Cftrtm1HGU than in non-CF mice. Neither the ultrastructure of the surfactant film at the air-fluid interface nor the forms assumed by the osmiophilic structures associated with surfactant turnover in the aqueous layer differed significantly in Cftrtm1HGU/ Cftrtm1HGU and non-CF mice. Hence, there were no signs of any ultrastructural abnormalities in the surface-lining layer of young adult Cftrtm1HGU/ Cftrtm1HGU mice before infection with CF-related pathogens.

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Effects of Acid Aerosol Exposure on the Surface Properties of Airway Mucus

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

The role of pulmonary surfactant in obstructive airways disease

The role of pulmonary surfactant in obstructive airways disease

Ultrastructure of the aqueous lining layer in hamster airways: Is there a two-phase system?

Surface-lining layer of airways in cystic fibrosis mice

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