“…Both dissolved silicate (Luxton et al, 2008) and organic matter (Grafe et al, 2001(Grafe et al, , 2002 can also competitively limit arsenic adsorption or promote desorption, with concentrations common to soils and sediments having an appreciable impact on dissolved arsenic concentrations. Carbonate can also compete with arsenic for adsorption sites on mineral surfaces ( Van Geen et al, 1994;Kim et al, 2000;Villalobos and Leckie, 2001;Appelo et al, 2002;Lee and Nriagu, 2003 ), and natural organic matter may also compete with As and inhibit arsenic adsorption onto iron (hydr)oxides due to competitive adsorption (Xu et al, 1991;Redman et al, 2002). Other anions, such as Cl -, SO 4 2-, and NO 3 -, have minimal impact on As desorption, yet these ions can contribute to ionic strength and salinization effects on As retention in soils and sediments (Gupta and Chen, 1978;Smith et al, 1998) that are potentially important in the desorption of arsenite.…”