Effects of acrylonitrile content of nitrile rubber on mechanical properties of polyamide 6/nitrile rubber blends

Cai, Ziqing; Yu-shang, LI; Yang, Zuolin; Jiang, Ming

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ab612a

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, these additives could also act as nucleating agents with the increase in the melting temperature. In the case of rubber/polyamide blends, the polyamide molecular chains may have a strong interaction with the nitrile groups of NBR, which results in a decrease in the crystallization temperature and also limits the crystallization behavior of the polyamides [ 15 ]. In the case of PA12 used in LS, this behavior can lead to important changes in the sintering window, which is defined as the difference between the melting and crystallization temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from LS, various works in the literature have evaluated the blends between polyamides by classical methods (e.g., extrusion and injection molding) with polypropylene [ 12 , 13 ] and acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers [ 14 , 15 ], as well as with the use of compatibilizing agents, such as maleic anhydride-grafted polymers [ 16 , 17 ]. The use of polyamide/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends has attracted some attention because of their ability to improve the toughness of polyamides and/or the oil resistance of NBRs [ 15 ]. However, the addition of cross-linkable polymers requires the use of curatives or compatibilizers in order to obtain the desired material properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the compositions of NBRs vary as a function of the acrylonitrile/butadiene ratio, which could have a significant influence on the crosslinking and, hence, on the mechanical properties of the blend. Cai et al [ 15 ] evaluated the effect of the acrylonitrile (AN) content in PA6/NBR blends and found that the crystalline structure of the polyamides, as well as the melting and crystallization temperatures, were dependent on the AN content of the NBR. Mehrabzadeh and Burford evaluated the effect of the AN content (from 19 to 38 wt.% AN) in polyamide 11/butadiene-acrylonitrile blends [ 19 ], and they show a significant improvement in the impact strength of a 60/40 ( w / w ) (PA11/NBR) blend using an NBR with an intermediate AN content (corresponding to 33 wt.% of AN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Behavior of Polyamide 12/Rubber Formulations Made by Laser Sintering

Batistella¹,

Pucci²,

Regazzi³

et al. 2022

Materials

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In the present work, the processability and fire behavior of parts made by the laser sintering (LS) of polyamide 12/rubber powder blends is studied. In order to evaluate some of the interactions that could take place during LS, three acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers (NBRs) were used, which included two that had different acrylonitrile (AN) contents, and one that had carboxylated rubber. The results show that the flowability of the powders is strongly dependent on the rubber used. For the carboxylated rubber, a good flowability of the blend was observed, whereas the use of rubbers with different AN contents led to significant changes in the powder flowability, with a heterogeneous powder bed, and differences in the porosity as a function of the AN content. Furthermore, the addition of rubbers to polyamide 12 (PA12) entails an increase in the sintering window and, in particular, a change in the melting temperature of PA12 is noticed. Even though some changes in the crystallization and melting temperatures are observed, formulations containing 10 and 20 wt.% of rubbers could be processed using the same process parameters as PA12. Furthermore, the formulations containing carboxylated rubber show improved fire behavior, which is measured by a cone calorimeter, with reductions of about 45 and 65% in the peak of the heat release rate, compared to the PA12. Moreover, almost all of the samples evaluated in this study are classed as “Good” by the Flame Retardancy Index. This result can be partially explained by the formation of an amide linkage between the polyamide and NBR during processing, which could result in increases in the melt viscosities of these samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Behavior of Polyamide 12/Rubber Formulations Made by Laser Sintering

Batistella¹,

Pucci²,

Regazzi³

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…On the other hand, these properties can be improved by decreasing concentration of acrylonitrile in NBR which eventually reduces tensile properties, abrasion resistance, oil/fuel resistance, gas permeability etc. 11,12 These limitations of NBR can be improved if a suitable blend of NBR can be made with a nonpolar rubber such as high-cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber is known for its excellent low temperature flexibility and hysteresis properties like Natural rubbers. [13][14][15] Polybutadiene rubber (BR)…”

Section: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (Nbr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxidized polybutadiene rubber as an effective compatibilizer for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and polybutadiene rubber blend

Srivastava

Basak²,

Saha³

et al. 2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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In the present study, epoxidized polybutadiene rubber (EBR; 30 mol% epoxidation) was synthesized using commercial-grade cis-polybutadiene rubber (BR). The EBR was successfully utilized as an effective compatibilizer between two incompatible elastomers, namely polar acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and non-polar polybutadiene rubber (BR). The NBR and BR were blended in varied formulations and studied for morphological and mechanical properties. The observed properties of the blends containing EBR, as a compatibilizer, were compared with analogous blends without EBR. The optimum loading of EBR in NBR/BR formulations was found to be 5 phr (parts per hundred gram of rubber). The significant improvement in various mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break and hardness were observed in presence of optimum loading of EBR in NBR/BR blends. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analyser (DMA) studies revealed that the compatibility between two incompatible rubbers improved in the presence of EBR. The results observed with EBR-compatibilized blends revealed that EBR can be used as an effective compatibilizer between two incompatible rubbers (NBR and BR).

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“…This study enables a better understanding of the structure-property relationships of SSBR composites from a molecular perspective via MD simulations. In addition to the reinforcing material added to the NBR matrix to enhance its application performance, Cai et al [24] prepared polyamide/nitrile rubber (PA6/NBR) blends using a three-step molding process and investigated the reinforcing effect of PA6 in NBR for various acrylonitrile contents. The reinforcing effect of A6 on the NBR matrix was more prominent at lower acrylonitrile contents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal‐oxidative aging and tribological properties of carbon nanotube/nitrile butadiene rubber composites with varying acrylonitrile content: Molecular dynamics simulations

Qian

Zhao

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), a common material used in the stator rubber of screw pumps, usually undergoes severe thermal‐oxidative aging and wear at various temperatures and pressures. In this study, 1,2‐dihydro‐2,2,4‐trimethylquinoline (antioxidant RD) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced into NBR to improve its thermal‐oxidative aging performance and reduce its wear. The thermal‐oxidative aging and mechanical and tribological properties of NBR composites with acrylonitrile (ACN) contents of 28%, 33%, and 41% were investigated via molecular dynamics simulations, and the interaction mechanisms of four composites: RD/N28, CNT/RD/N28, CNT/RD/N33, and CNT/RD/N41, were investigated at the atomic level. A three‐layer model (Fe–Composites–Fe) was developed to simulate the wear process of the composites. CNT/RD/N41 exhibited better thermal‐oxidative aging and tribological properties than those exhibited by CNT/RD/N28 and CNT/RD/N33. This was attributed to an increase in the polar–polar interactions of the nitrile (CN) groups with an increasing ACN content. During friction, a larger frictional force existed between the CNT/RD/N41 molecules, which effectively maintained the stability of the matrix. This study provides a scientific reference for the preparation of high‐performance NBR at the microscopic scale, which may extend the service life of screw pumps.

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Effects of acrylonitrile content of nitrile rubber on mechanical properties of polyamide 6/nitrile rubber blends

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Fire Behavior of Polyamide 12/Rubber Formulations Made by Laser Sintering

Fire Behavior of Polyamide 12/Rubber Formulations Made by Laser Sintering

Epoxidized polybutadiene rubber as an effective compatibilizer for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and polybutadiene rubber blend

Thermal‐oxidative aging and tribological properties of carbon nanotube/nitrile butadiene rubber composites with varying acrylonitrile content: Molecular dynamics simulations

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