Effects of Activated Carbon on Medium Density Fiber Board Properties

Abstract

The negative effects of formaldehyde emission in MDF production on human health are known, and therefore many scientists are working to reduce formaldehyde emissions. In this study, the effects of MDF plates on formaldehyde emission were investigated by adding different amounts of activated carbon into urea formaldehyde resin during the synthesis phase. First, the gelation time behavior of the resin was studied by observing the pH, gelation time, solid content, flow time and viscosity of the modified resin in comparison to the standard reference resin which has no activated carbon inside. The dosing of the activated charcoal in the dry resin was kept at 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%. After that modified resin was used in the production of 40x40 cm 2 MDF samples by using laboratory scale press line with full automation system. İnternal bonding strength, surface soundness, screw holding resistance, water absorption and thickness swelling were also measured in addition to the main interested parameter formaldehyde emission level which is determined via spectrometric technique following an extraction procedure. Threshold values for activated carbon were determined to be 1wt%. Formaldehyde emission level was observed where addition of 1wt% activated carbon into the urea formaldehyde adhesive decreased the formaldehyde emission 52% comparison to reference whereas addition of activated carbon at above its threshold level provided 47% decreasing.

Analysis and Impact of Activated Carbon Incorporation into Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive on the Properties of Particleboard

“…On the other hand, the addition of AC to MDF resulted in swelling ratios ranging from 15.7% to 22.4% and WA values ranging from 88% to 75% after 24 h [20,21]. Akin and Boyaci (2021) found that the TS ratios and WA values of MDF produced with UF and activated carbon were found to be between 19.46% and 22.01% and 45% and 53%, respectively [33].…”

Bibliometric Analysis of Academic Studies on Particleboard

“…Sourced from responsibly managed forest resources, particleboard mitigates environmental impacts and contributes to the preservation of forests. (Yener et al, 2012;Akın and Karaboyacı, 2021).…”

“…These studies entail comprehensive assessments of particleboard production's impact on forest resources, energy consumption patterns, waste management protocols, and carbon emissions footprint. Issues pertaining to sustainable forest management practices and recycling initiatives also feature prominently within the focus of these researches (Engür and Kartal, 2001;Taramian et al, 2007;Güntekin et al, 2009;Ulusoy et al, 2016;Iždinský et al, 2020;Akın and Karaboyacı, 2021;Lee et al, 2022).…”

Sertleştiricinin orta yoğunluklu lif levhanın bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerine etkisi

“…Typically used adhesive for primarily PB and MDF for interior applications are Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins due to their some advantages such as lower curing temperatures than phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins and application ability at different curing circumstances while formaldehyde release from the boards bonded with UF is a health interest (Stark et al 2010). To reduce such disadvantages and improve physical and mechanical properties, lots of modification agents have been utilized in MDF such as maleic anhydride (Hundhausen et al 2015), nano-boron nitride (BN), and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) (Kızılkaya et al 2020), zeolite (Çamlıbel and Yılmaz Aydın 2020), rock salt (Çamlıbel and Akgül 2020), borax pentahydrate (Akgül and Çamlıbel 2021), activated carbon (Akın and Karaboyacı 2021), activated charcoal (Darmawan et al 2010), etc. However, hardener type is one of the critical determinants for the properties of boards and has significant influences on the board characteristics (Atar et al 2014), and ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) are the most common hardeners utilized to arrange pH and cure the resins (Uner and Olgun 2017).…”