Effects of activated charcoal and quebracho tannins added to feed or as soil conditioner on manure quality in organic agriculture

Ingold, Mariko; Al-Kindi, Amal; Jordan, Greta; Dietz, Herbert; Schlecht, Eva; Buerkert, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s13165-015-0104-8

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…were used in sheeps’ diet (Tiemann et al ., 2009). In contrast, N release from QTf manure was reduced by 36–62% during both sweet corn and radish cultivation and was accompanied by yield reductions of 26% to 43% (Ingold et al ., 2015b), while C and other nutrient releases were less affected. By binding of tannins to N-containing fodder residues in goats’ digestive system (Makkar, 2003), N compounds are protected from microbial degradation (Waghorn, 2008) and may thereafter be protected also in the soil (Mutabaruka et al , 2007; Powell et al , 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, this was not true. N, P and K uptake of well-fertilized sweet corn on the same experimental field accounted to 112, 33 and 129 kg ha −1 , respectively (Ingold et al , 2015b), while N, P and K release from the control treatment provided only 66%, 68% and 13% of this demand (Ingold et al ., 2015b). For the amended treatments, the ratio between crop demand and release of N, P and K was 42–68%, 60–87% and 12–14%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The turnover of OM in litterbags highly depends on manure quality, position of litterbags (surface or in the soil) and accessibility of litterbags to meso- and macrofauna (Esse et al , 2001; Knacker et al , 2003; Ouédraogo et al , 2004). Herein, goat manure with comparatively high N and P contents, and medium C/N ratio of 19–21 was used (Ingold et al , 2015b). Placed at 10-cm depth in an irrigated field, litterbags were located in a permanent moist environment (>45% of the water-holding capacity) with daily soil temperature varying between 14 and 32 °C and providing an ideal environment for the decomposer community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By binding of tannins to N-containing fodder residues in goats’ digestive system (Makkar, 2003), N compounds are protected from microbial degradation (Waghorn, 2008) and may thereafter be protected also in the soil (Mutabaruka et al , 2007; Powell et al , 1994). While the effect of tannin feeding on C and N contents of excreted faeces was diverse (Al-Kindi, 2015; Ingold et al , 2015b; Powell et al , 2006), tannins in ruminant diets lead to more recalcitrant C and N forms in manure (Al-Kindi, 2015; Powell et al , 2006). This could explain the slow N release from QTf under both crops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A non-amended goat manure collected from 36 goats served as control (Co). Manure was collected from male Jabal Akhdar goats (average body weight of 23 kg) kept in individual crates and fed a basal diet of 50% Rhodes grass hay ( Chloris gayana Kunth), 47% maize and 3% soya ( Ingold et al, 2015b). One group of goats received additionally 3.6% QT extract (QTf), the maximum that goats took up voluntarily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tannins in Goat Diets Modify Manure Turnover in a Subtropical Soil

Ingold

Schmidt

Dietz³

et al. 2017

Ex. Agric.

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SUMMARYQuality of animal manure as a nutrient source for crops and as a soil conditioner depends on how fast the organic matter is decomposed, releasing plant nutrients or building up the soil organic matter (SOM) pool. This turnover process is governed by manure composition, soil temperature, soil moisture and secondary metabolites in the manure such as tannins. To investigate the turnover and nutrient release from tannin-containing manure, a litterbag experiment was conducted in an irrigated lowland soil of northern Oman. A standardized quebracho tannin extract (QT) was either added to the goats’ diet and defecated with manure (QTf), or added to manure in a QT water suspension (QTc) prior to field application. Litterbags were installed within a two-year field experiment at 10-cm depth at the beginning of a consecutive sweet corn and radish cultivation, followed by their recovery every 2-–6 weeks until crop harvests. The litterbags contained pure goat manure (control) and the two types of QT-amended goat manure. Generally, QT increased OM remaining in litterbags at sampling by up to 22% compared with the control. QT reduced relative C, N, P and K release by 10% to 63% compared with the control, but effects were contradictory under sweet corn and radish. While under radish, both QT treatments reduced or tended to reduce C, N, P and K release from manure, QTc even increased N and P release under sweet corn. QTf, on the other hand, did not affect C, P and K release under sweet corn, whereas N release was reduced by 36–63% under both crops. As quebracho tannins in goat manure slowed down organic matter decomposition and reduced nutrient release, they may be useful agents in manure application to increase SOM pools and soil nutrient pools. However, the immobilization particularly of N by tannins can reduce the availability of this nutrient to crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Tannins in Goat Diets Modify Manure Turnover in a Subtropical Soil

Ingold

Schmidt

Dietz³

et al. 2017

Ex. Agric.

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Net‐mineralization of organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions from Quebracho tannin‐enriched manure applied to acidic and alkaline soils

Ingold

Wachendorf

Buerkert

2021

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Background Mitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ammonia volatilization, and nitrate leaching from agriculture are important for the management of environmental pollution and climate change. Tannins, which are water‐soluble polyphenolic compounds, were found to reduce emissions in animal husbandry systems when supplemented to ruminant diets. Aim Two laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Quebracho tannin‐enriched manure on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization processes, and greenhouse gas emissions from three different soils (sandy moderate acidic, sandy alkaline, and loamy alkaline). Methods In the two incubation experiments of 4 and 9 weeks, soil samples were analyzed for K2SO4 extractable C and N, NH4+ and NO3–, microbial biomass C, and pH. In the main experiment emissions of CO2, N2O, and NH3 were regularly monitored. Results Three days after manure application, the CO2 emissions of the three soils were reduced by 26%–37% and N2O by 80%–92% in tannin‐enriched manure treatments compared with tannin‐free manure. However, subsequent cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions were only reduced in the loamy alkaline soil applied with tannin‐enriched manure. Also, in the initial 4 weeks net‐mineralization after manure application was significantly lower in soils applied with tannin‐enriched manure, reflecting an immobilization of N compared with tannin‐free manure in the short term or an inhibition of the mineralization process by physicochemical complexation of proteins or inhibition of enzyme activities in the long term. In both experiments, NO3– was by 23%–95% lower in the three soils after 3–9 weeks compared with tannin‐free manure. Conclusion These results highlight the mitigation potential of tannin‐enriched manure on soil N leaching, and suggest that greenhouse gas emissions may be increased depending on soil properties.

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Effects of biochar on enhanced nutrient use efficiency of green bean, Vigna radiata L.

Prapagdee

Tawinteung

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Biochar is the carbonized material produced from biomass and is used in several environmental applications. The biochar characteristics depend on the carbonization conditions and feedstock. The suitability of a given biochar for soil improvement depends on the biochar characteristics, soil properties, and target plants. Biochar has been applied at 1-20% (w/w) in the soil, but currently there is a lack of information on what type and concentration of biochar are most suitable for a specific plant and soil quality. Too much biochar will reduce plant growth because of the high alkalinity of biochar, which will cause long-term soil alkalinity. In contrast, too little biochar might be insufficient to enhance plant productivity. In this study, a suitable concentration of cassava stem (an abundant agricultural waste in Thailand) biochar produced at 350 °C was evaluated for green bean (Vigna radiata L.) growth from germination to seed production in pots over 8 weeks. The soil fertility was increased with increasing biochar concentration. At 5% (w/w) biochar, the soil fertility and plant growth were significantly enhanced, while 10% (w/w) biochar significantly enhanced bean growth and bean pod production. The increased biochar concentration in the soil significantly increased the soil total nitrogen and extractable potassium (K) levels but did not affect the amount of available phosphorous. Biochar at 10% (w/w) significantly induced the accumulation of K in the stems, leaves, nut shells, and roots but not in nut seeds. Moreover, biochar not only increased the K concentration in soil but also increased the plant nutrient use efficiency of K, which is important for plant growth. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

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Effects of activated charcoal and quebracho tannins added to feed or as soil conditioner on manure quality in organic agriculture

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Tannins in Goat Diets Modify Manure Turnover in a Subtropical Soil

Tannins in Goat Diets Modify Manure Turnover in a Subtropical Soil

Net‐mineralization of organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions from Quebracho tannin‐enriched manure applied to acidic and alkaline soils

Effects of biochar on enhanced nutrient use efficiency of green bean, Vigna radiata L.

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