Effects of activation schemes on porous, surface and thermal properties of activated carbons prepared from cotton stalks

El-Hendawy, Abdel-Nasser A.; Alexander, Andrew J.; Andrews, Robert J.; Forrest, Gavin

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2008.04.006

Cited by 136 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The external surface of the AC is full of cavities and with irregular shape distributed. The formation of these cavities resulted from the evaporation of the dehydrating agent (H 3 PO 4 ) during carbonization, leaving the space previously occupied by the reagent [28]. Chemical AC seems to be clearer and smoother compared to physical AC due to the removal of volatile compounds and impurities during the activation process [18].…”

Section: Moisture Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Typha orientalis leaves

et al. 2014

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Background In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Typha orientalis or commonly known as cattail leaves using physical and chemical activation phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), as dehydrating agent. A twostage process was used, i.e., semi-carbonization stage at 200°C for 15 min as first stage followed by second stage activation, at 500°C for 45 min. The precursor material with the impregnated agent was exposed straight away to semi-carbonization and activation temperature using a laboratory scale muffle furnace (Carbolite RHF 1500, England) under static condition in a self-generated atmosphere.Results The best condition in AC production was based on chemical activation which is AC2 with 2 M of H 3 PO 4 . AC2 has the highest removal efficiency, 97.4 % in 4 ppm concentration of Pb(II) and percentage yield of 62.73 % could be reached. The pH of the AC was controlled in the range 5-6. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, functional groups such as hydroxyl group, lactone group, and carboxyl group were obtained. These were clearly illustrated by scanning electron microscopy micrographs that porous structure was progressively developed with sponge-like structure. Conclusions The Pb(II) adsorption results were best fitted in the Langmuir isotherm for equilibrium data while the adsorption kinetic fitted to the pseudo-second order model. The maximum Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area of the best produced AC was found to be around 1,238 m 2 / g. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 7.95 mg/g.

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Section: Moisture Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Typha orientalis leaves

et al. 2014

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“…Although, many of other commercial materials are not environmentally green. As example, animal origin carbon source is becoming of concern due to release of segments with pathogenic effect (El-Hendawy et al 2008). These treatments are wearisome, high cost, not safe for the environment and time consuming.…”

Section: Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolorization of turbid sugar juice from sugar factory using waste powdered carbon

Aljohani

Ahmed²,

El-Shafey

et al. 2018

Appl Water Sci

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Waste management of powdered activated carbon from cyclone of some sugar factories was used for decolorization of sugar mud juice (SMJ) in this study. The presence of powdered activated carbon waste (PACW) was admitted again for their use in SMJ decolorization. The determined specific surface area are typically S BET = 613.887 m 2 /g and the pore distribution lies in mesoporous domain. Color removal (CR%) and decolorization capacity (DC) of the characterized PACW are similar to those of decolorants used at this time for sugar refining. The CR% with PACW reached 81.03% at pH7.0 and dosed in the amount 0.5 g/50 ml of SMJ. There are two acceptable mechanisms illustrates the attachments between phenols and carboxylate ions. In this paper, we put a simple and rapid dark liquid decolorization by controlling rejected carbon waste, which will be useful for treatment of dark liquid sugar. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the simple pathway of SMJ decolorization

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“…The activated carbons (or ACs) are adsorbents containing a high surface area and an appreciable amount of active sites available for adsorption-that is, sites with sufficient affinity to retain certain pollutants. Commercial production of activated carbon in recent times has been performed by the physical or chemical activation of a wide variety of materials, including pulp from coconut shells (Gueu et al 2007), Ferula orientalis (Aysu and Kucuk 2015), phoenix leaves (Wang 2015), cotton stalks (El-Hendawy et al 2008), rice husk (Manoj Kumar Reddy et al 2015), fir wood (Wu et al 2005a, b), pistachio nut shells (Wu et al 2005a, b), olive stones (Ubago-Perez et al 2006), flamboyant pods or Delonix regia (Vargas et al 2010), and macadamia nut shells (Poinern et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of azo dye adsorptions onto activated carbon and silicon carbide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon

Ghasemian

Palizban

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper presents a comparative study of the surface chemistry, texture, and adsorption properties of activated carbon and silicon carbide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon. Activated carbon has been prepared from the pulp of oak cups using a chemical activation method, with silicon carbide nanoparticles used to modify the surface of activated carbon. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and points of zero charge determination are the methods that have been employed to determine the physicochemical properties of raw material, activated carbon, and silicon carbide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon, respectively. Results demonstrated that the activated carbon is composed mainly of micropores, with a Brunauer-EmmettTeller surface area of 1253.92 (m 2 /g), and that the attachment of silicon carbide nanoparticles changed the surface properties of activated carbon. The adsorption equilibrium of two azo dyes on activated carbon and silicon carbide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon was investigated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. Experimental data were fitted to conventional kinetic models, including the pseudo-first-order, second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. For all adsorbents, the removal process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium adsorption parameters reveal that a higher adsorption capacity was found for silicon carbide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon. These features indicate that silicon carbide nanoparticle-activated carbon is a promising and new adsorbent for the removal of acidic dyes during wastewater treatment.z

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Effects of activation schemes on porous, surface and thermal properties of activated carbons prepared from cotton stalks

Cited by 136 publications

References 19 publications

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Typha orientalis leaves

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Typha orientalis leaves

Decolorization of turbid sugar juice from sugar factory using waste powdered carbon

Comparisons of azo dye adsorptions onto activated carbon and silicon carbide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon

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