Effects of Acute Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise on Blood Markers of Oxidative Stress

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare oxidative modification of blood proteins, lipids, DNA, and glutathione in the 24 hours following aerobic and anaerobic exercise using similar muscle groups. Ten cross-trained men (24.3 +/- 3.8 years, [mean +/- SEM]) performed in random order 30 minutes of continuous cycling at 70% of Vo(2)max and intermittent dumbbell squatting at 70% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), separated by 1-2 weeks, in a crossover design. Blood samples taken before, and immediately, 1, 6, and 24 hours postexercise were analyzed for plasma protein carbonyls (PC), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and whole-blood total (TGSH), oxidized (GSSG), and reduced (GSH) glutathione. Blood samples taken before and 24 hours postexercise were analyzed for serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). PC values were greater at 6 and 24 hours postexercise compared with pre-exercise for squatting, with greater PC values at 24 hours postexercise for squatting compared with cycling (0.634 +/- 0.053 vs. 0.359 +/- 0.018 nM.mg protein(-1)). There was no significant interaction or main effects for MDA or 8-OHdG. GSSG experienced a short-lived increase and GSH a transient decrease immediately following both exercise modes. These data suggest that 30 minutes of aerobic and anaerobic exercise performed by young, cross-trained men (a) can increase certain biomarkers of oxidative stress in blood, (b) differentially affect oxidative stress biomarkers, and (c) result in a different magnitude of oxidation based on the macromolecule studied. Practical applications: While protein and glutathione oxidation was increased following acute exercise as performed in this study, future research may investigate methods of reducing macromolecule oxidation, possibly through the use of antioxidant therapy.

The “Goldilocks Zone” from a redox perspective—Adaptive vs. deleterious responses to oxidative stress in striated muscle

“…In the literature, there are discrepant findings for changes in blood markers of ROS production following different exercise intensities. Recently Bloomer's group did not observe changes in blood H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde (MDA), or advanced-oxidation protein products immediately after an acute aerobic or high intensity exercise bout in trained men (Bloomer et al, 2005). Similar results have been demonstrated after acute exercise in regard to changes in MDA, although elevated levels of ROS were evident post-exercise as measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and an increase in the ratio of oxidized glutathione to total glutathione (GSSG:GSH T ) (Groussard et al, 2003; Bloomer et al, 2005).…”

“…Recently Bloomer's group did not observe changes in blood H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde (MDA), or advanced-oxidation protein products immediately after an acute aerobic or high intensity exercise bout in trained men (Bloomer et al, 2005). Similar results have been demonstrated after acute exercise in regard to changes in MDA, although elevated levels of ROS were evident post-exercise as measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and an increase in the ratio of oxidized glutathione to total glutathione (GSSG:GSH T ) (Groussard et al, 2003; Bloomer et al, 2005). These discrepant findings have several implications when taken together: (1) changes in circulating oxidative stress biomarkers may not be indicative of intracellular ROS production; (2) some assays may not be sensitive enough to detect ROS biomarkers; or (3) circulating antioxidant capacity is sufficient to handle the oxidative burden if ROS do get into circulation.…”

The Pharmacology of Actoprotectors: Practical Application for Improvement of Mental and Physical Performance

“…Numerous studies conducted in laboratories worldwide have ascertained that both long- and short-intensive physical loads cause oxygen stress (Marzatico et al ., 1997; Kostka, 1999; Selamoglu et al ., 2000; Bloomer and Goldfarb, 2004; Bloomer et al ., 2005; Bloomer and Smith, 2009; Fisher-Wellman and Bloomer, 2009). The increase in the level of free radical processes under maximal and submaximal physical loads is explained by the activation of the sympathoadrenal system in response to muscular work.…”

Punica Granatum Juice Effects on Oxidative Stress in Severe Physical Activity

“…Increased oxidative stress can lead to damage to macromolecules like proteins, lipid, DNA and enzymatic systems (1-4). Physical activity plays an important role in free radical processing at an obscure way.…”

“…Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests that overconsumption of oxygen can result in subsequent increase in the free radical activities (5). An increase in aerobic physical activity by enhancing electron transportation in body could affect oxidative stress (1, 6). There are several sources to produce active mediator like H 2 O 2 and hydroxyl radicals, mitochondria likely have important role to in this production (6, 7).…”