Effects of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Administration on the Gastrointestinal Hormones Gastrin, Enteroglucagon, Pancreatic Glucagon and Peptide YY in the Rat

Abstract

The effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration on the gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, enteroglucagon (EG), pancreatic glucagon (PG) and peptide YY (PYY) was studied in the rat alcohol model. Plasma levels of gastrin and PYY were not significantly changed under chronic and/or acute alcohol, while PG was stimulated by acute intraperitoneal ethanol injections in control animals as well as in chronically ethanol-fed rats (8 ± 1 vs. 28 ± 6 pmol/l, p ≤ 0.05, and 7 ± 1 vs. 21 ± 4 pmol/l, p ≤ 0.05). EG levels were significantly raised after chronic ethanol feeding (45 ± 5 vs. 73 ± 8 pmol/l, p ≤ 0.01) and even further elevated if an acute dose of alcohol was given to chronically ethanol-fed rats (73 ± 8 vs. 168 ± 29 pmol/l, p ≤ 0.05). The immunohistologically evaluated numbers of the respective hormone-producing cells were not significantly changed by alcohol feeding. The ethanol-dependent elevations of EG and PG may contribute, at least in part, to the intestinal hyperregeneration, motility disturbances and altered glucose metabolism observed after alcohol consumption.

Prolonged consumption of moderate doses of alcohol and in vitro gastro‐duodenal and ileal contractility in the rat

“…The mechanism of ETOH-induced impairment of gastroduodenal contractility is still unclear. ETOH treatment results in a range of biochemical and hormonal responses [36], capable of altering protein synthesis [37] or directly interacting with gastrointestinal mobility [38,39]. In the Necturus stomach, doses of intraluminal ETOH similar to those employed in this study altered intracellular calcium homeostasis [40].…”

Serum levels of leptin, ghrelin putative peptide YY-3 in patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

“…They reported that unlike ghrelin, alcohol consumption does not affect changes in PYY levels. PYY levels have shown no significant changes after acute and chronic ethanol administration in animal models 80 . However, previous study has indicated stimulatory effect of PYY on POMC neurons 81 , which are damaged in fetus by prenatal alcohol exposure 40 .…”